4 He built Tadmor in the wilderness, and all the storage cities, which he built in Hamath.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Chronicles 8:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
61
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַיִּ֥בֶן אֶת־תַּדְמֹ֖ר בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְאֵת֙ כָּל־עָרֵ֣י הַֽמִּסְכְּנ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנָ֖ה בַּחֲמָֽת׃
11 word entries
וַיִּ֥בֶן
אֶת
בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר
וְאֵת֙
כָּל
עָרֵ֣י
הַֽמִּסְכְּנ֔וֹת
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
בָּנָ֖ה
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ ᾠκοδόμησε τὴν Θοεδμὸρ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, καὶ πάσας τὰς πόλεις τὰς ὀχυρὰς ἃς ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐν Ἠμάθ.
17 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ᾠκοδόμησε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οἰκοδομέω
- Transliteration
- okodomese
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it built
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To build or construct.
- Occurrences
- 188
τὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Θοεδμὸρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- Θοεδμὸρ
- Transliteration
- thoedmor
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Θοεδμὸρ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
τῇ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἐρήμῳ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἔρημος
- Transliteration
- eremo
- Morphology
- adjective/substantive, dative feminine singular
- Gloss
- wilderness, desert
- Part of Speech
- adjective/substantive
- Definition
- Deserted, desolate; wilderness as a substantive.
- Occurrences
- 327
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
πάσας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πᾶς
- Transliteration
- pas
- Morphology
- adjective, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- all, every
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- All, every, whole.
- Occurrences
- 6138
τὰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
πόλεις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πόλις
- Transliteration
- polis
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- city
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- City or town.
- Occurrences
- 1387
τὰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ὀχυρὰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ὀχυρὰς
- Transliteration
- ochyras
- Morphology
- accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 17
ἃς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅς
- Transliteration
- has
- Morphology
- relative pronoun, accusative feminine plural
- Gloss
- which, whom
- Part of Speech
- relative pronoun
- Definition
- Relative pronoun who, which, that.
- Occurrences
- 4123
ᾠκοδόμησεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οἰκοδομέω
- Transliteration
- okodomesen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she built
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To build or construct.
- Occurrences
- 188
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
Ἠμάθ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἠμάθ
- Transliteration
- emath
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἠμάθ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܒܢܐ ܠܬܕܡܘܪ ܕܚܪܒܐ ܗܘܬ ܐܝܟ ܡܕܒܪܐ ܘܠܟܘܠܗܝܢ ܩܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܕܐܘܨܪ̈ܐ
9 word entries
ܘܒܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܢܐ
- Transliteration
- wbn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 50
ܠܬܕܡܘܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܬܕܡܘܪ
- Transliteration
- ltdmwr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܚܪܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܪܒܐ
- Transliteration
- dhrb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 15
ܗܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܬ
- Transliteration
- hwt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 315
ܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- 'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2051
ܡܕܒܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܕܒܪܐ
- Transliteration
- mdbr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 43
ܘܠܟܘܠܗܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܟܘܠܗܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wlkwlhyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܩܘܪ̈ܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܘܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- qwry'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 124
ܕܐܘܨܪ̈ܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܘܨܪܐ
- Transliteration
- d'wsr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וּבְנָא יַת תַּדְמוֹר בְּמַדְבְּרָא וְיַת כָּל קִרְוֵי בֵּית אוֹצָרַיָא דִבְנָא שְׁלמה בַּחֲמָתָא׃
12 word entries
וּבְנָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בנא
- Transliteration
- wbn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 132
יַת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 4303
תַּדְמוֹר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תדמור
- Transliteration
- tdmwr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
בְּמַדְבְּרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מדברא
- Transliteration
- bmdbr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 141
וְיַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וית
- Transliteration
- wyt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1320
כָּל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- כל
- Transliteration
- kl
- Morphology
- collective noun/adjective
- Gloss
- all, every
- Occurrences
- 2135
קִרְוֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קרוי
- Transliteration
- qrwy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 94
בֵּית
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בית
- Transliteration
- byt
- Morphology
- noun construct/absolute
- Gloss
- house, household
- Occurrences
- 2611
אוֹצָרַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אוצריא
- Transliteration
- 'wtsry'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 7
דִבְנָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בנא
- Transliteration
- dbn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 132
שְׁלמה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שלמה
- Transliteration
- shlmh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 328
בַּחֲמָתָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חמתא
- Transliteration
- bchmt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 7
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et ædificavit Palmyram in deserto, et alias civitates munitissimas ædificavit in Emath.
12 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
aedificavit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aedifico
- Transliteration
- aedificavit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 449
Palmyram
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- palmyra
- Transliteration
- Palmyram
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 1
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
deserto
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- desertum
- Transliteration
- deserto
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 196
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
alias
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- alius
- Transliteration
- alias
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 577
civitates
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ciuitas
- Transliteration
- civitates
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1108
munitissimas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- munitus
- Transliteration
- munitissimas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 44
aedificavit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aedifico
- Transliteration
- aedificavit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 449
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
Emath
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Emath
- Transliteration
- Emath
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 37