1 Samuel
Chapter 23
Verse 15
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1 Samuel 23

World English Bible, Verse 15

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15 David saw that Saul had come out to seek his life. David was in the wilderness of Ziph in the woods.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Samuel 23:15. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 73
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיַּ֣רְא דָוִ֔ד כִּֽי־יָצָ֥א שָׁא֖וּל לְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וְדָוִ֥ד בְּמִדְבַּר־זִ֖יף בַּחֹֽרְשָׁה׃ ס

12 word entries
וַיַּ֣רְא
Lemma
c/7200
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H7200
Occurrences
487
דָוִ֔ד
Lemma
1732
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1732
Occurrences
847
כִּֽי
Lemma
3588 a
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H3588
Occurrences
4218
יָצָ֥א
Lemma
3318
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H3318
Occurrences
539
שָׁא֖וּל
Lemma
7586
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H7586
Occurrences
353
לְבַקֵּ֣שׁ
Lemma
l/1245
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + verb piel infinitive construct
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H1245
Occurrences
27
אֶת
Lemma
853
Morphology
Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H853
Occurrences
8730
נַפְשׁ֑וֹ
Lemma
5315
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H5315
Occurrences
576
וְדָוִ֥ד
Lemma
c/1732
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H1732
Occurrences
44
בְּמִדְבַּר
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H4057
Occurrences
141
זִ֖יף
Lemma
2128
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H2128
Occurrences
9
בַּחֹֽרְשָׁה
Lemma
b/2793
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H2793
Occurrences
3
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ εἶδε Δαυὶδ, ὅτι ἐξέρχεται Σαοὺλ τοῦ ζητεῖν τὸν Δαυίδ· καὶ Δαυὶδ ἦν ἐν τῷ ὄρει τῷ αὐχμώδει ἐν τῇ Καινῇ Ζίφ.

22 word entries
Καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
εἶδε
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
eide
Morphology
verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it saw
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To see, perceive, or look at.
Occurrences
768
Δαυὶδ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
David
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
David
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
David.
Occurrences
1047
ὅτι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ὅτι
Transliteration
hoti
Morphology
subordinating conjunction
Gloss
that, because, for
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences
3703
ἐξέρχεται
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
exerchetai
Morphology
verb, present/future middle-passive form, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
Σαοὺλ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
Saoul
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
Saul
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Saul, biblical personal name.
Occurrences
380
τοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ζητεῖν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
zetein
Morphology
present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss
to ...
Part of Speech
infinitive
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
11
τὸν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
Δαυίδ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
Dauid
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
David
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
David.
Occurrences
1047
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
Δαυὶδ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
David
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
David
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
David.
Occurrences
1047
ἦν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
en
Morphology
verb, imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it was
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To be or exist.
Strong's
G1510
Occurrences
5427
ἐν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐν
Transliteration
en
Morphology
preposition with dative
Gloss
in, among, with
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's
G1722
Occurrences
13086
τῷ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ὄρει
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
oros
Morphology
noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss
mountain
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Mountain or hill.
Occurrences
607
τῷ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
αὐχμώδει
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
aychmodei
Morphology
dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
ἐν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐν
Transliteration
en
Morphology
preposition with dative
Gloss
in, among, with
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's
G1722
Occurrences
13086
τῇ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
Καινῇ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
kain
Morphology
nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
3
Ζίφ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma
Ζίφ
Transliteration
ziph
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Ζίφ
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
3
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܚܙܐ ܕܘܝܕ ܕܢܦܩ ܫܐܘܠ ܠܡܒܥܐ ܢܦܫܗ ܘܕܘܝܕ ܒܡܕܒܪܐ ܕܙܝܦ ܒܥܒܐ

10 word entries
ܘܚܙܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
whz'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
94
ܕܘܝܕ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dwyd
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
617
ܕܢܦܩ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dnpq
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
57
ܫܐܘܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
sh'wl
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
265
ܠܡܒܥܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lmb''
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
18
ܢܦܫܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
npshh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
112
ܘܕܘܝܕ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wdwyd
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
46
ܒܡܕܒܪܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
bmdbr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
94
ܕܙܝܦ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dzyp
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
5
ܒܥܒܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
b'b'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
8
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וַחֲזָא דָוִד אֲרֵי נְפַק שָׁאוּל לְמִקְטְלֵיהּ וְדָוִד בְּמַדְבְּרָא דְזִיף בְּחוּרְשָׁא׃

10 word entries
וַחֲזָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
חזא
Transliteration
wchz'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
80
דָוִד
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
דוד
Transliteration
dwd
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
1106
אֲרֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ארי
Transliteration
'ry
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
1969
נְפַק
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
נפק
Transliteration
npq
Morphology
verbal root נפק
Gloss
went out, came forth
Occurrences
177
שָׁאוּל
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
sh'wl
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
424
לְמִקְטְלֵיהּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
lmqtlyh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
13
וְדָוִד
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
דוד
Transliteration
wdwd
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
1106
בְּמַדְבְּרָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
bmdbr'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
141
דְזִיף
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
זיף
Transliteration
dzyp
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
12
בְּחוּרְשָׁא׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
bchwrsh'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
41
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et vidit David quod egressus esset Saul ut quæreret animam ejus. Porro David erat in deserto Ziph in silva.

19 word entries
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
vidit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uideo
Transliteration
vidit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
1988
David
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Dauid
Transliteration
David
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
1095
quod
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
quod
Transliteration
quod
Morphology
GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences
1241
egressus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
egressus
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
667
esset
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
esset
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
Saul
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Saul
Transliteration
Saul
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
388
ut
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ut
Transliteration
ut
Morphology
GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences
4533
quaereret
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
quaero
Transliteration
quaereret
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
420
animam
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
anima
Transliteration
animam
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
916
eius
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
eius
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
porro
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
porro
Transliteration
porro
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
279
David
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Dauid
Transliteration
David
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
1095
erat
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
erat
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
deserto
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
deserto
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
196
Ziph
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Ziphri
Transliteration
Ziph
Morphology
GreLa POS: other
Occurrences
1
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
silva
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
silua
Transliteration
silva
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
32
Chapter 23 of 31 Verse 15 of 29