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World English Bible

1 Maccabees 12

World English Bible, Verse 44

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⁴⁴ He said to Jonathan, “Why have you put all these people to so much trouble, seeing there is no war between us?

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Maccabees 12:44. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 3

Word Entries 40

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ εἶπε τῷ Ἰωνάθαν, ἱνατί ἔκοψας πάντα τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον, πολέμου μὴ ἐνεστηκότος ἡμῖν;

14 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

εἶπε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέγω
Transliteration: eipe
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it said
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To say or speak.
Occurrences: 5490

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ἰωνάθαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰωνάθαν
Transliteration: Ionathan
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Jonathan
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Jonathan.
Occurrences: 218

ἱνατί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἱνατί
Transliteration: hinati
Morphology: interrogative particle
Gloss: why?
Part of Speech: interrogative particle
Definition: Interrogative particle meaning why or for what reason.
Occurrences: 133

ἔκοψας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἔκοψας
Transliteration: ekopsas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

πάντα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πᾶς
Transliteration: pas
Morphology: adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: all, every
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: All, every, whole.
Occurrences: 6138

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

λαὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λαός
Transliteration: laos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: people
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: People, nation, or community.
Occurrences: 1841

τοῦτον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

πολέμου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πόλεμος
Transliteration: polemos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: war
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: War, battle, or conflict.
Occurrences: 323

μὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μή
Transliteration: me
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not, lest
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle commonly used with non-indicative moods.
Occurrences: 2979

ἐνεστηκότος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐνεστηκότος
Transliteration: enestekotos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἡμῖν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܠܝܘܢܬܢ ܠܡܢܐ ܫܚܩܬ ܘܐܝܬܝܬ ܠܗܢܐ ܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ ܟܕ ܠܝܬ ܠܢ ܩܪܒܐ

13 word entries

ܘܐܡܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܡܪ
Transliteration: w'mr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1697

ܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗ
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2252

ܠܝܘܢܬܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܝܘܢܬܢ
Transliteration: lywntn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 37

ܠܡܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܢܐ
Transliteration: lmn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 117

ܫܚܩܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܚܩܬ
Transliteration: shhqt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 3

ܘܐܝܬܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܝܬܝܬ
Transliteration: w'ytyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 8

ܠܗܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗܢܐ
Transliteration: lhn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 26

ܟܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܠܗ
Transliteration: klh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 558

ܥܡܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܥܡܐ
Transliteration: amma
Morphology: noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss: people, nation
Occurrences: 688

ܟܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܕ
Transliteration: kd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 881

ܠܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܝܬ
Transliteration: lyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 159

ܠܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܢ
Transliteration: ln
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 322

ܩܪܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܪܒܐ
Transliteration: qrb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 154

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et dixit Jonathæ: Ut quid vexasti universum populum, cum bellum nobis non sit?

13 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

dixit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dixit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

Ionathae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ionathae
Transliteration: Ionathae
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 53

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ut
Transliteration: ut
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4533

quid

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quis
Transliteration: quid
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1619

vexasti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uexo
Transliteration: vexasti
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 26

universum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uniuersus
Transliteration: universum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 889

populum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: populus
Transliteration: populum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2030

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5272

bellum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: bellum
Transliteration: bellum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 186

nobis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nos
Transliteration: nobis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1585

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

sit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

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