16 We chose therefore Numenius the son of Antiochus and Antipater the son of Jason, and have sent them to the Romans, to renew the friendship that we had with them, and the former alliance.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Maccabees 12:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
3
Word Entries
55
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἐπελέξαμεν οὖν Νουμήνιον Ἀντιόχου καὶ Ἀντίπατρον Ἰάσωνος, καὶ ἀπεστάλκαμεν πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ἀνενεώσασθαι τὴν πρὸς αὐτοὺς φιλίαν καὶ συμμαχίαν τὴν προτέραν.
20 word entries
Ἐπελέξαμεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐπελέξαμεν
- Transliteration
- epelexamen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
οὖν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὖν
- Transliteration
- oun
- Morphology
- inferential particle/conjunction
- Gloss
- therefore, then
- Part of Speech
- particle/conjunction
- Definition
- Inferential particle.
- Occurrences
- 229
Νουμήνιον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- νουμήνιον
- Transliteration
- noymenion
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
Ἀντιόχου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀντιόχου
- Transliteration
- antiochoy
- Morphology
- genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 12
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
Ἀντίπατρον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀντίπατρον
- Transliteration
- antipatron
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Ἰάσωνος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἰάσωνος
- Transliteration
- iasonos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἀπεστάλκαμεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀπεστάλκαμεν
- Transliteration
- apestalkamen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
πρὸς
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
- Note
- Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
- Lemma
- πρὸς
- Transliteration
- pros
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- with/toward
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- with/toward
- Strong's
- G4314
- Occurrences
- 3989
Ῥωμαίους
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ῥωμαίους
- Transliteration
- omaioys
- Morphology
- nominative masculine/feminine singular or accusative plural pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἀνενεώσασθαι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀνενεώσασθαι
- Transliteration
- aneneosasthai
- Morphology
- nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
τὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
πρὸς
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
- Note
- Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
- Lemma
- πρὸς
- Transliteration
- pros
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- with/toward
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- with/toward
- Strong's
- G4314
- Occurrences
- 3989
αὐτοὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
φιλίαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- φιλίαν
- Transliteration
- philian
- Morphology
- aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- they ... / ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 20
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
συμμαχίαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- συμμαχίαν
- Transliteration
- symmachian
- Morphology
- aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- they ... / ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 11
τὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
προτέραν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- προτέραν
- Transliteration
- proteran
- Morphology
- aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- they ... / ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܓܒܝܢ ܕܝܢ ܠܝܘܡܢܝܘܣ ܒܪ ܐܢܛܝܟܘܣ ܘܠܐܢܛܝܦܛܪܘܣ ܒܪ ܐܝܣܘܢ ܘܫܕܪܢ ܠܘܬ ܒ̈ܢܝ ܪܗܘܡܐ ܠܡܚܕܬܘ ܥܘܕܪܢܐ ܘܪܚܡܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܬܗܘܢ
16 word entries
ܓܒܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܒܝܢ
- Transliteration
- gbyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 3
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 951
ܠܝܘܡܢܝܘܣ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܝܘܡܢܝܘܣ
- Transliteration
- lywmnyws
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܒܪ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܒܪ
- Transliteration
- bar
- Morphology
- noun, masculine construct singular
- Gloss
- son
- Occurrences
- 1284
ܐܢܛܝܟܘܣ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܛܝܟܘܣ
- Transliteration
- 'ntykws
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 40
ܘܠܐܢܛܝܦܛܪܘܣ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܐܢܛܝܦܛܪܘܣ
- Transliteration
- wl'ntyptrws
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܪ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܒܪ
- Transliteration
- bar
- Morphology
- noun, masculine construct singular
- Gloss
- son
- Occurrences
- 1284
ܐܝܣܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܣܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'yswn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 11
ܘܫܕܪܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܕܪܢ
- Transliteration
- wshdrn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܘܬ
- Transliteration
- lwt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 548
ܒ̈ܢܝ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܒܢܝ
- Transliteration
- bnay
- Morphology
- noun, masculine construct plural
- Gloss
- sons, children of
- Occurrences
- 882
ܪܗܘܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܗܘܡܐ
- Transliteration
- rhwm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 8
ܠܡܚܕܬܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܚܕܬܘ
- Transliteration
- lmhdtw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܥܘܕܪܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܘܕܪܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'wdrn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 24
ܘܪܚܡܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܪܚܡܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wrhmwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܕܠܘܬܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܘܬܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dlwthwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 4
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Elegimus itaque Numenium Antiochi filium, et Antipatrem Jasonis filium, et misimus ad Romanos renovare cum eis amicitiam et societatem pristinam.
19 word entries
elegimus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- eligo
- Transliteration
- elegimus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 325
itaque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- itaque
- Transliteration
- itaque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 371
Numenium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Numenius
- Transliteration
- Numenium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 4
Antiochi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Antiochus
- Transliteration
- Antiochi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 63
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Antipatrum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Antipater
- Transliteration
- Antipatrum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 2
Iasonis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iason
- Transliteration
- Iasonis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 19
filium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filius
- Transliteration
- filium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5067
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
misimus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mitto
- Transliteration
- misimus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1165
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
Romanos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Romani
- Transliteration
- Romanos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 9
renovare
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- renouo
- Transliteration
- renovare
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20
cum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cum
- Transliteration
- cum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5272
eis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
amicitiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- amicitia
- Transliteration
- amicitiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 37
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
societatem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- societas
- Transliteration
- societatem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 23
pristinam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pristinus
- Transliteration
- pristinam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 21