23 but we preach Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Greeks,
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Corinthians 1:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
43
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
ἡμεῖς δὲ κηρύσσομεν Χριστὸν ἐσταυρωμένον, Ἰουδαίοις μὲν σκάνδαλον, Ἕλλησι δὲ μωρίαν·
11 word entries
ἡμεῖς
δὲ
κηρύσσομεν
- Lemma
- khrussomen
- Transliteration
- khrussomen
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2784
- Occurrences
- 4
Χριστὸν
ἐσταυρωμένον
- Lemma
- estaurwmenon
- Transliteration
- estaurwmenon
- Morphology
- Greek: verb perfect passive participle accusative singular masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4717
- Occurrences
- 4
Ἰουδαίοις
μὲν
σκάνδαλον
Ἕλλησι
δὲ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἡμεῖς δὲ κηρύσσομεν Χριστὸν ἐσταυρωμένον, Ἰουδαίοις μὲν σκάνδαλον ἔθνεσιν δὲ μωρίαν,
11 word entries
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܚܢܢ ܕܝܢ ܡܟܪܙܝܢܢ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܟܕ ܙܩܝܦ ܬܘܩܠܬܐ ܠܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܘܠܐܪܡܝܐ ܫܛܝܘܬܐ
10 word entries
ܚܢܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܢܢ
- Transliteration
- hnn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 184
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1830
ܡܟܪܙܝܢܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܟܪܙܝܢܢ
- Transliteration
- mkrzynn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 4
ܡܫܝܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܫܝܚܐ
- Transliteration
- mshyh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 404
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܙܩܝܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܙܩܝܦ
- Transliteration
- zqyp
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 6
ܬܘܩܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܘܩܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- twqlt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 3
ܠܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Transliteration
- lyhwdy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 17
ܘܠܐܪܡܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܐܪܡܝܐ
- Transliteration
- wl'rmy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
ܫܛܝܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܛܝܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- shtywt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 4
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
nos autem prædicamus Christum crucifixum: Judæis quidem scandalum, gentibus autem stultitiam,
11 word entries
nos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nos
- Transliteration
- nos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1585
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
praedicamus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praedico
- Transliteration
- praedicamus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 151
Christum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Christus
- Transliteration
- Christum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 541
crucifixum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- crucifigo
- Transliteration
- crucifixum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 52
Iudaeis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iudaei
- Transliteration
- Iudaeis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 362
quidem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quidem
- Transliteration
- quidem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 283
scandalum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scandalum
- Transliteration
- scandalum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 35
gentibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gens
- Transliteration
- gentibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 873
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
stultitiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- stultitia
- Transliteration
- stultitiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 47
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
1 Corinthians 2:14
Now the natural man doesn’t receive the things of God’s Spirit, for they are foolishness to him; and he can’t know them, because they are spiritually discerned.
15 relevance votes1 Corinthians 2:2
For I determined not to know anything among you except Jesus Christ and him crucified.
11 relevance votes1 Peter 2:8
and, “a stumbling stone and a rock of offense.” For they stumble at the word, being disobedient, to which also they were appointed.
11 relevance votesGalatians 5:11
But I, brothers, if I still preach circumcision, why am I still persecuted? Then the stumbling block of the cross has been removed.
8 relevance votes1 Corinthians 1:18
For the word of the cross is foolishness to those who are dying, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God.
7 relevance votesMatthew 11:6
Blessed is he who finds no occasion for stumbling in me.”
6 relevance votesLuke 2:34
Simeon blessed them, and said to Mary, his mother, “Behold, this child is appointed for the falling and the rising of many in Israel, and for a sign which is spoken against.
6 relevance votesGalatians 6:14
But far be it from me to boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world.
4 relevance votesMatthew 13:57
They were offended by him. But Jesus said to them, “A prophet is not without honor, except in his own country and in his own house.”
4 relevance votes2 Corinthians 4:5
For we don’t preach ourselves, but Christ Jesus as Lord, and ourselves as your servants for Jesus’ sake,
4 relevance votesGalatians 3:1
Foolish Galatians, who has bewitched you not to obey the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ was openly portrayed among you as crucified?
3 relevance votesEphesians 3:8
To me, the very least of all saints, was this grace given, to preach to the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ,
3 relevance votes