Joshua 12

World English Bible Updated, Verse 4

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⁴ and the border of Og king of Bashan, of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived at Ashtaroth and at Edrei,

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Joshua 12:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 74

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וּגְב֗וּל ע֚וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֔ן מִיֶּ֖תֶר הָרְפָאִ֑ים הַיּוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּבְאֶדְרֶֽעִי׃

9 word entries

וּגְב֗וּל

Lemma: c/1366
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1366
Occurrences: 19

ע֚וֹג

Lemma: 5747
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5747
Occurrences: 15

מֶ֣לֶךְ

Lemma: 4428
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4428
Occurrences: 1112

הַבָּשָׁ֔ן

Lemma: d/1316
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun proper
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H1316
Occurrences: 28

מִיֶּ֖תֶר

Lemma: m/3499 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3499
Occurrences: 4

הָרְפָאִ֑ים

Lemma: d/7497 b
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun proper
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H7497
Occurrences: 5

הַיּוֹשֵׁ֥ב

Lemma: d/3427
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3427
Occurrences: 76

בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת

Lemma: b/6252
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6252
Occurrences: 4

וּבְאֶדְרֶֽעִי

Lemma: c/b/154
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H154
Occurrences: 2

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ Ὢγ βασιλεὺς Βασὰν ὑπελείφθη ἐκ τῶν γιγάντων, ὁ κατοικῶν ἐν Ἀσταρὼθ καὶ ἐν Ἐδραῒν,

15 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Ὢγ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ὢγ
Transliteration: og
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ὢγ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 21

βασιλεὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: βασιλεύς
Transliteration: basileus
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: king
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: King or ruler.
Occurrences: 3067

Βασὰν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Βασὰν
Transliteration: basan
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Βασὰν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 30

ὑπελείφθη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὑπελείφθη
Transliteration: ypeleiphthe
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

ἐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκ
Transliteration: ek
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, out of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences: 3500

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

γιγάντων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: γιγάντων
Transliteration: giganton
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

κατοικῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κατοικῶν
Transliteration: katoikon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 22

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

Ἀσταρὼθ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀσταρὼθ
Transliteration: astaroth
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀσταρὼθ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

Ἐδραῒν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἐδραῒν
Transliteration: edran
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἐδραῒν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܬܚܘܡܐ ܕܥܘܓ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܒܝܫܢ ܡܢ ܫܪܒܬܐ ܕܓܢܒܪ̈ܐ ܕܝ̇ܬܒ ܗܘܐ ܒܥܣܬܪܘܬ ܘܒܐܪܕܥܝ

11 word entries

ܘܬܚܘܡܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WTXWM>
Morphology: W-TXWM/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܥܘܓ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D<WG
Morphology: D-<WG/
Occurrences: 0

ܡܠܟܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MLK>
Morphology: MLK/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܒܝܫܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DBJCN
Morphology: D-BJCN/
Occurrences: 0

ܡܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MN
Morphology: MN
Occurrences: 0

ܫܪܒܬܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: CRBT>
Morphology: CRB(>/T~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܓܢܒܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DGNBR">
Morphology: D-GNBR/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܝ̇ܬܒ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DJ^TB
Morphology: D-JTB[/
Occurrences: 0

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: HW>
Morphology: HW(J&>[
Occurrences: 0

ܒܥܣܬܪܘܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: B<STRWT
Morphology: B-<STRWT/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܒܐܪܕܥܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WB>RD<J
Morphology: W-B->RD<J/
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּתְחוּם עוֹג מַלְכָּא דְמַתְנָן מִשְׁאַר גִבָּרַיָא דְיָתֵיב בְּעַשְׁתָּרוֹת וּבְאֶדְרְעִי׃

9 word entries

וּתְחוּם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תחום
Transliteration: wtchwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 100

עוֹג

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עוג
Transliteration: 'wg
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

מַלְכָּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מלך
Transliteration: mlk'
Morphology: prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: from king
Occurrences: 2509

דְמַתְנָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מתנן
Transliteration: dmtnn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 20

מִשְׁאַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שאר
Transliteration: msh'r
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 111

גִבָּרַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבריא
Transliteration: gbry'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 191

דְיָתֵיב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתיב
Transliteration: dytyb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 232

בְּעַשְׁתָּרוֹת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עשתרות
Transliteration: b'shtrwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 5

וּבְאֶדְרְעִי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: באדרעי
Transliteration: wb'dr'y
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Terminus Og regis Basan, de reliquiis Raphaim, qui habitavit in Astaroth, et in Edrai, et dominatus est in monte Hermon, et in Salecha, atque in universa Basan, usque ad terminos

30 word entries

terminus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: terminus
Transliteration: terminus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 179

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: og
Transliteration: Og
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 17

regis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rex
Transliteration: regis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2981

Basan

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Basan
Transliteration: Basan
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 55

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: de
Transliteration: de
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 4779

reliquiis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: reliquiae
Transliteration: reliquiis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 101

Rafaim

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Rafai
Transliteration: Rafaim
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 5

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

habitavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: habito
Transliteration: habitavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 650

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

Astharoth

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Astharotha
Transliteration: Astharoth
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 9

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

Edrain

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Edrain
Transliteration: Edrain
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 1

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

dominatus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominor
Transliteration: dominatus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 90

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

monte

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mons
Transliteration: monte
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 644

Hermon

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Hermon
Transliteration: Hermon
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 11

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

Salacha

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Salacha
Transliteration: Salacha
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 1

atque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: atque
Transliteration: atque
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 755

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

universa

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uniuersus
Transliteration: universa
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 889

Basan

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Basan
Transliteration: Basan
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 55

usque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: usque
Transliteration: usque
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1221

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

terminos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: terminus
Transliteration: terminos
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 179

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Deuteronomy 1:4

after he had struck Sihon the king of the Amorites who lived in Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan who lived in Ashtaroth, at Edrei.

7 relevance votes

Joshua 13:12

all the kingdom of Og in Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei (who was left of the remnant of the Rephaim); for Moses attacked these, and drove them out.

4 relevance votes

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