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World English Bible Updated

Joel 1

World English Bible Updated, Verse 11

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¹¹ Be confounded, you farmers! Wail, you vineyard keepers, for the wheat and for the barley; for the harvest of the field has perished.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Joel 1:11. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 62

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ אִכָּרִ֗ים הֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ כֹּֽרְמִ֔ים עַל־חִטָּ֖ה וְעַל־שְׂעֹרָ֑ה כִּ֥י אָבַ֖ד קְצִ֥יר שָׂדֶֽה׃

12 word entries

הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ

Lemma: 954
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperative 2rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H954
Occurrences: 97

אִכָּרִ֗ים

Lemma: 406
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H406
Occurrences: 7

הֵילִ֨ילוּ֙

Lemma: 3213
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperative 2rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3213
Occurrences: 25

כֹּֽרְמִ֔ים

Lemma: 3755
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3755
Occurrences: 1

עַל

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

חִטָּ֖ה

Lemma: 2406
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2406
Occurrences: 23

וְעַל

Lemma: c/5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 543

שְׂעֹרָ֑ה

Lemma: 8184
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8184
Occurrences: 19

כִּ֥י

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

אָבַ֖ד

Lemma: 6
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6
Occurrences: 103

קְצִ֥יר

Lemma: 7105 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7105
Occurrences: 36

שָׂדֶֽה

Lemma: 7704 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7704
Occurrences: 74

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐξηράνθησαν γεωργοί· θρηνεῖτε κτήματα ὑπὲρ πυροῦ καὶ κριθῆς, ὅτι ἀπόλωλε τρυγητὸς ἐξ ἀγροῦ·

13 word entries

Ἐξηράνθησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξηράνθησαν
Transliteration: exeranthesan
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: were ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

γεωργοί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: γεωργοί
Transliteration: georgoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

θρηνεῖτε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: θρηνεῖτε
Transliteration: threneite
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

κτήματα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κτήματα
Transliteration: ktemata
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ὑπὲρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὑπέρ
Transliteration: hyper
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: over, above, on behalf of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition used with genitive or accusative.
Occurrences: 395

πυροῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πυροῦ
Transliteration: pyroy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 15

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

κριθῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κριθῆς
Transliteration: krithes
Morphology: genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

ἀπόλωλε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀπόλωλε
Transliteration: apolole
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

τρυγητὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: τρυγητὸς
Transliteration: trygetos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

ἐξ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκ
Transliteration: ek
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, out of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences: 3500

ἀγροῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀγρός
Transliteration: agrou
Morphology: noun, masculine genitive singular
Gloss: of a field
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Field, countryside, or farm land.
Occurrences: 141

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܒܗܬܘ ܐܟܪ̈ܐ ܘܐܝܠܠܘ ܟܪ̈ܡܐ ܥܠ ܚ̈ܛܐ ܘܥܠ ܣܥܪ̈ܐ ܕܥܒܪ ܚܨܕܐ ܕܚܩܠܐ

11 word entries

ܒܗܬܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܗܬܘ
Transliteration: bhtw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 17

ܐܟܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܟܪܐ
Transliteration: 'kr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 9

ܘܐܝܠܠܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܝܠܠܘ
Transliteration: w'yllw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 6

ܟܪ̈ܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܪܡܐ
Transliteration: krm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 26

ܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠ
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3346

ܚ̈ܛܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܛܐ
Transliteration: ht'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 25

ܘܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܠ
Transliteration: w'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 687

ܣܥܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܥܪܐ
Transliteration: s'r'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 18

ܕܥܒܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܒܪ
Transliteration: d'br
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 32

ܚܨܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܨܕܐ
Transliteration: hsd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 14

ܕܚܩܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܚܩܠܐ
Transliteration: dhql'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 18

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

בְּהִיתוּ אִכָּרַיָא אַיְלִילוּ מְפַלְחֵי כַּרְמַיָא עַל חִטִין וְעַל סַעֲרִין אֲרֵי סַף חֲצַד חַקְלָא׃

13 word entries

בְּהִיתוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היתו
Transliteration: bhytw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 19

אִכָּרַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אכריא
Transliteration: 'kry'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

אַיְלִילוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אילילו
Transliteration: 'ylylw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 14

מְפַלְחֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פלחי
Transliteration: mplchy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 65

כַּרְמַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רמיא
Transliteration: krmy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 21

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

חִטִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חטין
Transliteration: chtyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 16

וְעַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ועל
Transliteration: w'l
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 516

סַעֲרִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סערין
Transliteration: s'ryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1969

סַף

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סף
Transliteration: sp
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 12

חֲצַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חצד
Transliteration: chtsd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 12

חַקְלָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חקלא
Transliteration: chql'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 94

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Confusi sunt agricolæ, ululaverunt vinitores super frumento et hordeo, quia periit messis agri.

13 word entries

confusi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: confundo
Transliteration: confusi
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 169

sunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

agricolae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: agricola
Transliteration: agricolae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 26

ululaverunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ululo
Transliteration: ululaverunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 21

vinitores

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uinitor
Transliteration: vinitores
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 6

super

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: super
Transliteration: super
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3146

frumento

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: frumentum
Transliteration: frumento
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 58

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

hordeo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hordeum
Transliteration: hordeo
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 32

quia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quia
Transliteration: quia
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2543

periit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pereo
Transliteration: periit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 250

messis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: messis
Transliteration: messis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 54

agri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ager
Transliteration: agri
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 260

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Ranked cross references

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