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World English Bible Updated

2 Samuel 22

World English Bible Updated, Verse 41

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⁴¹ You have also made my enemies turn their backs to me, that I might cut off those who hate me.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Samuel 22:41. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 44

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְאֹ֣יְבַ֔י תַּ֥תָּה לִּ֖י עֹ֑רֶף מְשַׂנְאַ֖י וָאַצְמִיתֵֽם׃

6 word entries

וְאֹ֣יְבַ֔י

Lemma: c/341
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal participle active + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H341
Occurrences: 11

תַּ֥תָּה

Lemma: 5414
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5414
Occurrences: 1113

לִּ֖י

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

עֹ֑רֶף

Lemma: 6203
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6203
Occurrences: 28

מְשַׂנְאַ֖י

Lemma: 8130
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel participle active + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8130
Occurrences: 107

וָאַצְמִיתֵֽם

Lemma: c/6789
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential imperfect 1rd person common gender singular + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6789
Occurrences: 1

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς μου ἔδωκάς μοι νῶτον, τοὺς μισοῦντάς με, καὶ ἐθανάτωσας αὐτούς.

13 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

τοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐχθρούς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐχθρούς
Transliteration: echthroys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 30

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

ἔδωκάς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἔδωκάς
Transliteration: edokas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

μοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

νῶτον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: νῶτον
Transliteration: noton
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

τοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

μισοῦντάς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μισοῦντάς
Transliteration: misoyntas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

με

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐθανάτωσας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐθανάτωσας
Transliteration: ethanatosas
Morphology: aorist active participle nominative masculine singular pattern, or 2nd singular verb depending on context
Gloss: having ...
Part of Speech: participle/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

αὐτούς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܩܕܠܗܘܢ ܕܒ̈ܥܠܕܒܒܝ ܐܦܢܝܬ ܠܝ ܘܠܣ̈ܢܐܝ ܐܫܬܩ ܐܢܘܢ

7 word entries

ܘܩܕܠܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܩܕܠܗܘܢ
Transliteration: wqdlhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

ܕܒ̈ܥܠܕܒܒܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܒܥܠܕܒܒܝ
Transliteration: db'ldbby
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 7

ܐܦܢܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܦܢܝܬ
Transliteration: 'pnyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 5

ܠܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܝ
Transliteration: ly
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 865

ܘܠܣ̈ܢܐܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܣܢܐܝ
Transliteration: wlsn'y
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܐܫܬܩ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܫܬܩ
Transliteration: 'shtq
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܘܢ
Transliteration: 'nwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1636

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְסַנְאַי תְּבַרְתָּא קֳדָמַי מְחַזְרֵי קְדַל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבַי וְשֵׁיצֵיתִינוּן׃

8 word entries

וְסַנְאַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סנאי
Transliteration: wsn'y
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 37

תְּבַרְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תברתא
Transliteration: tbrt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

קֳדָמַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדמי
Transliteration: qdmy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 443

מְחַזְרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חזרי
Transliteration: mchzry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

קְדַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדל
Transliteration: qdl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 14

בַּעֲלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלי
Transliteration: b'ly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 440

דְבָבַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בבי
Transliteration: dbby
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 79

וְשֵׁיצֵיתִינוּן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שיציתינון
Transliteration: wshytsytynwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 6

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Inimicos meos dedisti mihi dorsum; odientes me, et disperdam eos.

10 word entries

inimicos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inimicus
Transliteration: inimicos
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 389

meos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: meos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

dedisti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: do
Transliteration: dedisti
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 2116

mihi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: mihi
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

dorsum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dorsum
Transliteration: dorsum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 24

odientes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: odi
Transliteration: odientes
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 150

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: me
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

disperdam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: disperdo
Transliteration: disperdam
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 105

eos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Exodus 23:27

I will send my terror before you, and will confuse all the people to whom you come, and I will make all your enemies turn their backs to you.

6 relevance votes

Joshua 10:24

When they brought those kings out to Joshua, Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said to the chiefs of the men of war who went with him, “Come near. Put your feet on the necks of these kings.” They came near, and put their feet on their necks.

3 relevance votes

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2 Samuel 22

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Ranked cross references

Exodus 23:27

Joshua 10:24

Genesis 49:8

Luke 19:27

Luke 19:14