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World English Bible Updated

2 Samuel 22

World English Bible Updated, Verse 15

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¹⁵ He sent out arrows and scattered them, lightning and confused them.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Samuel 22:15. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 41

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח חִצִּ֖ים וַיְפִיצֵ֑ם בָּרָ֖ק ויהמם׃

6 word entries

וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח

Lemma: c/7971
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7971
Occurrences: 387

חִצִּ֖ים

Lemma: 2671
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2671
Occurrences: 29

וַיְפִיצֵ֑ם

Lemma: c/6327 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6327
Occurrences: 28

בָּרָ֖ק

Lemma: 1300 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1300
Occurrences: 1

ויהמם

Lemma: c/2000
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H2000
Occurrences: 11

וַיָּהֹֽם

Lemma: c/2000
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H2000
Occurrences: 11

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἀπέστειλε βέλη, καὶ ἐσκόρπισεν αὐτούς· καὶ ἢστραψεν ἀστραπὴν, καὶ ἐξέστησεν αὐτούς.

12 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀπέστειλε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀποστέλλω
Transliteration: apesteile
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it sent
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To send, send away, or commission.
Occurrences: 328

βέλη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: βέλη
Transliteration: bele
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 20

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐσκόρπισεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐσκόρπισεν
Transliteration: eskorpisen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

αὐτούς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἢστραψεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἢστραψεν
Transliteration: estrapsen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἀστραπὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀστραπὴν
Transliteration: astrapen
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐξέστησεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξέστησεν
Transliteration: exestesen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

αὐτούς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܫܕܪ ܓܐܪ̈ܘܗܝ ܘܒܕܪ ܐܢܘܢ ܘܒܪ̈ܩܐ ܐܣܓܝ ܘܕܠܚ ܐܢܘܢ

8 word entries

ܫܕܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܕܪ
Transliteration: shdr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 74

ܓܐܪ̈ܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܓܐܪܘܗܝ
Transliteration: g'rwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܘܒܕܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܒܕܪ
Transliteration: wbdr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܘܢ
Transliteration: 'nwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1636

ܘܒܪ̈ܩܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܒܪܩܐ
Transliteration: wbrq'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܐܣܓܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܣܓܝ
Transliteration: 'sgy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 13

ܘܕܠܚ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܠܚ
Transliteration: wdlh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܘܢ
Transliteration: 'nwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1636

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּשְׁלַח מָחָתֵיהּ כְּגִירִין וּבַדְרִינוּן בַּרְקִין וְשַׁגְשִׁינוּן׃

6 word entries

וּשְׁלַח

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שלח
Transliteration: wshlch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 239

מָחָתֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חתיה
Transliteration: mchtyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 17

כְּגִירִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גירין
Transliteration: kgyryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 8

וּבַדְרִינוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בדרינון
Transliteration: wbdrynwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

בַּרְקִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רקין
Transliteration: brqyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 7

וְשַׁגְשִׁינוּן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שגשינון
Transliteration: wshgshynwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Misit sagittas et dissipavit eos; fulgur, et consumpsit eos.

9 word entries

misit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mitto
Transliteration: misit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1165

sagittas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sagitta
Transliteration: sagittas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 67

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

dissipavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dissipo
Transliteration: dissipavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 105

eos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

fulgur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fulgur
Transliteration: fulgur
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 24

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

consumpsit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: consumo
Transliteration: consumpsit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 145

eos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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2 Samuel 22

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Ranked cross references

Deuteronomy 32:23

Joshua 10:10

Habakkuk 3:11

Psalms 18:14

Psalms 45:5