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Apocrypha · World English Bible Updated

1 Maccabees 4

World English Bible Updated, Verse 41

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⁴¹ Then Judas appointed certain men to fight against those who were in the citadel until he had cleansed the holy place.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Maccabees 4:41. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 3

Word Entries 45

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Τότε ἐπέταξεν Ἰούδας ἄνδρας πολεμεῖν τοὺς ἐν τῇ ἄκρᾳ, ἕως ἂν καθαρίσῃ τὰ ἅγια.

14 word entries

Τότε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τότε
Transliteration: tote
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: then, at that time
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Temporal adverb.
Occurrences: 228

ἐπέταξεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπέταξεν
Transliteration: epetaxen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

Ἰούδας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰούδας
Transliteration: Ioudas
Morphology: proper noun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: Judah/Judas
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Judah or Judas depending on context.
Occurrences: 221

ἄνδρας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: andras
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative plural
Gloss: men
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

πολεμεῖν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πολεμεῖν
Transliteration: polemein
Morphology: present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 26

τοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

τῇ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἄκρᾳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄκρᾳ
Transliteration: akra
Morphology: dative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

ἕως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἕως
Transliteration: heos
Morphology: preposition/conjunction
Gloss: until, as far as
Part of Speech: preposition/conjunction
Definition: Temporal or spatial marker.
Occurrences: 1413

ἂν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἄν
Transliteration: an
Morphology: modal particle
Gloss: would, might
Part of Speech: modal particle
Definition: Modal particle marking contingency or potentiality.
Occurrences: 633

καθαρίσῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: καθαρίσῃ
Transliteration: katharise
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

τὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἅγια

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἅγιος
Transliteration: hagios
Morphology: adjective, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: holy
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Holy, sacred, or set apart.
Occurrences: 562

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܗܝܕܝܢ ܦܩܕ ܝܗܘܕܐ ܘܐܩܝܡ ܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܕܢܬܟܬܫܘܢ ܘܢܩܪܒܘܢ ܥܡ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܝܬܒܝܢ ܒܚ̈ܣܢܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܕܢܕܟܐ ܗܘ ܠܒܝܬ ܡܩܕܫܐ

16 word entries

ܗܝܕܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܝܕܝܢ
Transliteration: hydyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 149

ܦܩܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܩܕ
Transliteration: pqd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 82

ܝܗܘܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܗܘܕܐ
Transliteration: yhwd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 374

ܘܐܩܝܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܩܝܡ
Transliteration: w'qym
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 93

ܓܒܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܓܒܪܐ
Transliteration: gbr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 622

ܕܢܬܟܬܫܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܬܟܬܫܘܢ
Transliteration: dntktshwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 5

ܘܢܩܪܒܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܩܪܒܘܢ
Transliteration: wnqrbwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܥܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡ
Transliteration: 'm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 697

ܐܝܠܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܠܝܢ
Transliteration: 'ylyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 346

ܕܝܬܒܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܝܬܒܝܢ
Transliteration: dytbyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 46

ܒܚ̈ܣܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܚܣܢܐ
Transliteration: bhsn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 9

ܥܕܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܕܡܐ
Transliteration: 'dm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 606

ܕܢܕܟܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܕܟܐ
Transliteration: dndk'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܗܘ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘ
Transliteration: hu
Morphology: pronoun/copula, masculine singular
Gloss: he, it, is
Occurrences: 2003

ܠܒܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܝܬ
Transliteration: lbyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 190

ܡܩܕܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܩܕܫܐ
Transliteration: mqdsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 46

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Tunc ordinavit Judas viros ut pugnarent adversus eos qui erant in arce, donec emundarent sancta.

15 word entries

tunc

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tunc
Transliteration: tunc
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 409

ordinavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ordino
Transliteration: ordinavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 25

Iudas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iuda
Transliteration: Iudas
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 970

viros

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uir
Transliteration: viros
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1641

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ut
Transliteration: ut
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4533

pugnarent

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pugno
Transliteration: pugnarent
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 178

adversus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aduersus
Transliteration: adversus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 428

eos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

erant

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erant
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

arce

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: arx
Transliteration: arce
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 34

donec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: donec
Transliteration: donec
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 328

emundarent

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: emundo
Transliteration: emundarent
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 17

sancta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sanctus
Transliteration: sancta
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 797

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