Ruth 4

English Revised Version, Verse 20

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²⁰ and Amminadab begat Nahshon, and Nahshon begat Salmon;

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ruth 4:20. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 65

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְעַמִּֽינָדָב֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־נַחְשׁ֔וֹן וְנַחְשׁ֖וֹן הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־שַׂלְמָֽה׃

8 word entries

וְעַמִּֽינָדָב֙

Lemma: c/5992
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5992
Occurrences: 3

הוֹלִ֣יד

Lemma: 3205
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3205
Occurrences: 300

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

נַחְשׁ֔וֹן

Lemma: 5177
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5177
Occurrences: 8

וְנַחְשׁ֖וֹן

Lemma: c/5177
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5177
Occurrences: 2

הוֹלִ֥יד

Lemma: 3205
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3205
Occurrences: 300

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

שַׂלְמָֽה

Lemma: 8009
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8009
Occurrences: 1

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ Ἀμιναδὰβ ἐγέννησε τὸν Ναασσών· καὶ Ναασσὼν ἐγέννησε τὸν Σαλμών·

10 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Ἀμιναδὰβ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀμιναδὰβ
Transliteration: aminadab
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀμιναδὰβ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 19

ἐγέννησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γεννάω
Transliteration: egennese
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he fathered, begot
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To beget, father, bear, or give birth.
Occurrences: 131

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ναασσών

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ναασσών
Transliteration: naasson
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Ναασσὼν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ναασσὼν
Transliteration: naasson
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ναασσὼν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

ἐγέννησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γεννάω
Transliteration: egennese
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he fathered, begot
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To beget, father, bear, or give birth.
Occurrences: 131

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Σαλμών

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: σαλμών
Transliteration: salmon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܥܡܝܢܕܒ ܐܘܠܕ ܠܢܚܫܘܢ. ܘܢܚܫܘܢ ܐܘܠܕ ܠܫܠܐ

6 word entries

ܘܥܡܝܢܕܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܡܝܢܕܒ
Transliteration: w'myndb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܐܘܠܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܠܕ
Transliteration: 'wld
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 101

ܠܢܚܫܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܢܚܫܘܢ
Transliteration: lnhshwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2

ܘܢܚܫܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܚܫܘܢ
Transliteration: wnhshwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

ܐܘܠܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܠܕ
Transliteration: 'wld
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 101

ܠܫܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܫܠܐ
Transliteration: lshl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְעַמִּינָדָב אוֹלֵיד יָת נַחְשׁוֹן וְנַחְשׁוֹן רַב בֵּית אַבָּא לְבֵית יְהוּדָה וְנַחְשׁוֹן אוֹלֵיד יָת סַלְמָא צַדִּיקָא הוּא סַלְמָא מִן בֵּית לֶחֶם וְנָטוֹפָה דְּבַטִּילוּ בְנוֹהִי פְרוּזְבִין דְּאוֹתֵיב יָרָבְעָם חַיָּבָא עַל אוֹרְחֵי וַהֲוָאָן עוֹבָדֵי אָב וּבְנִין יָאֲיָן כְּנָטוֹפָא׃

35 word entries

וְעַמִּינָדָב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמינדב
Transliteration: w'myndb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 7

אוֹלֵיד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אוליד
Transliteration: 'wlyd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 105

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

נַחְשׁוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נחשון
Transliteration: nchshwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 5

וְנַחְשׁוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נחשון
Transliteration: wnchshwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

רַב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רב
Transliteration: rb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 175

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

אַבָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אבא
Transliteration: 'b'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 153

לְבֵית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: lbyt
Morphology: prefixed preposition ל + noun construct/absolute
Gloss: to/for house, household
Occurrences: 2611

יְהוּדָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יהודה
Transliteration: yhwdh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 745

וְנַחְשׁוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נחשון
Transliteration: wnchshwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

אוֹלֵיד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אוליד
Transliteration: 'wlyd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 105

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

סַלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סלמא
Transliteration: slm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

צַדִּיקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צדיקא
Transliteration: tsdyq'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 74

הוּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוא
Transliteration: hw'
Morphology: personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: he, it
Occurrences: 992

סַלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סלמא
Transliteration: slm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

לֶחֶם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לחם
Transliteration: lchm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 79

וְנָטוֹפָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נטופה
Transliteration: wntwph
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

דְּבַטִּילוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בטילו
Transliteration: dbtylw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 4

בְנוֹהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נוהי
Transliteration: bnwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 52

פְרוּזְבִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פרוזבין
Transliteration: prwzbyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

דְּאוֹתֵיב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אותיב
Transliteration: d'wtyb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 8

יָרָבְעָם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ירבעם
Transliteration: yrb'm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 119

חַיָּבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חיבא
Transliteration: chyb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 46

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

אוֹרְחֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אורחי
Transliteration: 'wrchy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 10

וַהֲוָאָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הואן
Transliteration: whw'n
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

עוֹבָדֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עובדי
Transliteration: 'wbdy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 86

אָב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אב
Transliteration: 'b
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

וּבְנִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בנין
Transliteration: wbnyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 17

יָאֲיָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יאין
Transliteration: y'yn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 8

כְּנָטוֹפָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נטופא
Transliteration: kntwp'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Aminadab genuit Nahasson, Nahasson genuit Salmon,

6 word entries

Aminadab

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Aminadab
Transliteration: Aminadab
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 17

genuit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gigno
Transliteration: genuit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 302

Naasson

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Naasson
Transliteration: Naasson
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 14

Naasson

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Naasson
Transliteration: Naasson
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 14

genuit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gigno
Transliteration: genuit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 302

Salma

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Salma
Transliteration: Salma
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 5

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Ranked cross references

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Luke 3:32

Matthew 1:4