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English Revised Version

Proverbs 15

English Revised Version, Verse 26

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²⁶ Evil devices are an abomination to the LORD: but pleasant words are pure.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 15:26. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 39

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת רָ֑ע וּ֝טְהֹרִ֗ים אִמְרֵי־נֹֽעַם׃

7 word entries

תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת

Lemma: 8441
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8441
Occurrences: 75

יְ֭הוָה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת

Lemma: 4284
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4284
Occurrences: 49

רָ֑ע

Lemma: 7451 b
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H7451
Occurrences: 62

וּ֝טְהֹרִ֗ים

Lemma: c/2889
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + adjective
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H2889
Occurrences: 2

אִמְרֵי

Lemma: 561
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H561
Occurrences: 36

נֹֽעַם

Lemma: 5278
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5278
Occurrences: 6

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Βδέλυγμα Κυρίῳ λογισμὸς ἄδικος, ἁγνῶν δὲ ῥήσεις σεμναί.

8 word entries

Βδέλυγμα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: βδέλυγμα
Transliteration: bdelygma
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: abomination, detestable thing
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Abomination, detestable thing, or object of disgust.
Occurrences: 50

Κυρίῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

λογισμὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: λογισμὸς
Transliteration: logismos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

ἄδικος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄδικος
Transliteration: adikos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

ἁγνῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἁγνῶν
Transliteration: agnon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ῥήσεις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ῥήσεις
Transliteration: eseis
Morphology: Greek -εις form; likely verb 2nd singular or plural noun/adjective depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

σεμναί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: σεμναί
Transliteration: semnai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܣ̈ܠܝܢ ܐܢܝ̈ܢ ܩܕܡ ܡܪܝܐ ܡܚ̈ܫܒܬܐ ܒܝܫ̈ܬܐ ܘܕܟܝ̈ܢ ܡ̈ܠܐ ܒܣ̈ܝܡܬܐ

9 word entries

ܡܣ̈ܠܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܣܠܝܢ
Transliteration: mslyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 4

ܐܢܝ̈ܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܝܢ
Transliteration: 'nyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 191

ܩܕܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܕܡ
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1019

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: maryah
Morphology: divine title, emphatic form
Gloss: Lord
Occurrences: 2917

ܡܚ̈ܫܒܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܚܫܒܬܐ
Transliteration: mhshbt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 36

ܒܝܫ̈ܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܝܫܬܐ
Transliteration: bysht'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 352

ܘܕܟܝ̈ܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܟܝܢ
Transliteration: wdkyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܡ̈ܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܠܐ
Transliteration: ml'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 159

ܒܣ̈ܝܡܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܣܝܡܬܐ
Transliteration: bsymt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 5

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מְרַחַקְתֵּיהּ דֶאֱלָהָא מַחְשְׁבָתָא דְבִישְׁתָּא וְדַכְיָן מִלֵי בְסִימָתָא׃

7 word entries

מְרַחַקְתֵּיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רחקתיה
Transliteration: mrchqtyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 10

דֶאֱלָהָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אלה
Transliteration: d'lh'
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: of/that God
Occurrences: 779

מַחְשְׁבָתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חשבתא
Transliteration: mchshbt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 19

דְבִישְׁתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בישתא
Transliteration: dbysht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 27

וְדַכְיָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דכין
Transliteration: wdkyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

מִלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מלי
Transliteration: mly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 102

בְסִימָתָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סימתא
Transliteration: bsymt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Abominatio Domini cogitationes malæ, et purus sermo pulcherrimus firmabitur ab eo.

8 word entries

abominatio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: abominatio
Transliteration: abominatio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 97

Domini

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Domini
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

cogitationes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cogitatio
Transliteration: cogitationes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 138

malae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: malus
Transliteration: malae
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 671

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

purus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: purus
Transliteration: purus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 48

sermo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sermo
Transliteration: sermo
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 626

pulcherrimus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pulcher
Transliteration: pulcherrimus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 57

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Proverbs 15

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Ranked cross references

Proverbs 15:23

Jeremiah 4:14

Psalms 19:14

Psalms 45:1

Proverbs 24:9

Matthew 15:19