18 A wrathful man stirreth up contention: but he that is slow to anger appeaseth strife.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 15:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
55
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
אִ֣ישׁ חֵ֭מָה יְגָרֶ֣ה מָד֑וֹן וְאֶ֥רֶך אַ֝פַּ֗יִם יַשְׁקִ֥יט רִֽיב׃
8 word entries
אִ֣ישׁ
חֵ֭מָה
יְגָרֶ֣ה
מָד֑וֹן
וְאֶ֥רֶך
אַ֝פַּ֗יִם
יַשְׁקִ֥יט
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἀνὴρ θυμώδης παρασκευάζει μάχας· μακρόθυμος δὲ καὶ τὴν μέλλουσαν καταπρᾳΰνει· μακρόθυμος ἀνὴρ κατασβέσει κρίσεις, ὁ δὲ ἀσεβὴς ἐγείρει μᾶλλον.
19 word entries
Ἀνὴρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀνήρ
- Transliteration
- aner
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- man, husband
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Man, male, husband.
- Occurrences
- 1573
θυμώδης
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- θυμώδης
- Transliteration
- thymodes
- Morphology
- genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
παρασκευάζει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- παρασκευάζει
- Transliteration
- paraskeyazei
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
μάχας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- μάχας
- Transliteration
- machas
- Morphology
- accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
μακρόθυμος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- μακρόθυμος
- Transliteration
- makrothymos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 21
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
τὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
μέλλουσαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- μέλλουσαν
- Transliteration
- melloysan
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
- Gloss
- they ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
καταπρᾳΰνει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- καταπρᾳΰνει
- Transliteration
- katapraynei
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
μακρόθυμος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- μακρόθυμος
- Transliteration
- makrothymos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 21
ἀνὴρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀνήρ
- Transliteration
- aner
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- man, husband
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Man, male, husband.
- Occurrences
- 1573
κατασβέσει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- κατασβέσει
- Transliteration
- katasbesei
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
κρίσεις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- κρίσεις
- Transliteration
- kriseis
- Morphology
- Greek -εις form; likely verb 2nd singular or plural noun/adjective depending on context
- Gloss
- form requires context
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 25
ὁ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
ἀσεβὴς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἀσεβὴς
- Transliteration
- asebes
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἀσεβὴς
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 22
ἐγείρει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐγείρει
- Transliteration
- egeirei
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
μᾶλλον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- μᾶλλον
- Transliteration
- mallon
- Morphology
- comparative adverb
- Gloss
- more, rather
- Part of Speech
- adverb
- Definition
- More, rather, to a greater degree.
- Occurrences
- 40
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܓܒܪܐ ܚܡܬܢܐ ܡܓܪܓ ܗܪܬܐ ܘܓܒܪܐ ܢܓܝܪ ܪܘܚܐ ܥܕܠܐ ܗܘܝܐ ܡܕܥܟ ܠܗ̇
11 word entries
ܓܒܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܒܪܐ
- Transliteration
- gbr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 622
ܚܡܬܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܡܬܢܐ
- Transliteration
- hmtn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 4
ܡܓܪܓ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܓܪܓ
- Transliteration
- mgrg
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 7
ܗܪܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܪܬܐ
- Transliteration
- hrt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 4
ܘܓܒܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܓܒܪܐ
- Transliteration
- wgbr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 92
ܢܓܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܓܝܪ
- Transliteration
- ngyr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܪܘܚܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܪܘܚܐ
- Transliteration
- ruha
- Morphology
- noun, feminine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- spirit, wind
- Occurrences
- 147
ܥܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- 'dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 32
ܗܘܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܝܐ
- Transliteration
- hwy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 13
ܡܕܥܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܕܥܟ
- Transliteration
- md'k
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗ
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 2252
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
גַבְרָא חֶמְתָּנָא מְגָרָא תִגְרָא וּנְגִיד רוּחָא מַדְעֵךְ חַרְתָּא׃
8 word entries
גַבְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גברא
- Transliteration
- gbr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 524
חֶמְתָּנָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חמתנא
- Transliteration
- chmtn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 4
מְגָרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גרא
- Transliteration
- mgr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 11
תִגְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תגרא
- Transliteration
- tgr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 7
וּנְגִיד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נגיד
- Transliteration
- wngyd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 14
רוּחָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רוחא
- Transliteration
- rwch'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 101
מַדְעֵךְ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דעך
- Transliteration
- md'k
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 2
חַרְתָּא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חרתא
- Transliteration
- chrt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 6
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Vir iracundus provocat rixas; qui patiens est mitigat suscitatas.
9 word entries
vir
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uir
- Transliteration
- vir
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1641
iracundus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iracundus
- Transliteration
- iracundus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 9
provocat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- prouoco
- Transliteration
- provocat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 63
rixas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rixa
- Transliteration
- rixas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 14
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
patiens
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- patiens
- Transliteration
- patiens
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 31
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
mitigat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mitigo
- Transliteration
- mitigat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 8
suscitatas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suscito
- Transliteration
- suscitatas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 163
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Proverbs 26:21
As coals are to hot embers, and wood to fire; so is a contentious man to inflame strife.
15 relevance votesProverbs 15:1
A SOFT answer turneth away wrath: but a grievous word stirreth up anger.
15 relevance votesProverbs 29:22
An angry man stirreth up strife, and a wrathful man aboundeth in transgression.
14 relevance votesMatthew 5:9
Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called sons of God.
14 relevance votesProverbs 14:29
He that is slow to anger is of great understanding: but he that is hasty of spirit exalteth folly.
13 relevance votesEcclesiastes 10:4
If the spirit of the ruler rise up against thee, leave not thy place; for yielding allayeth great offences.
11 relevance votesProverbs 16:28
A froward man scattereth abroad strife: and a whisperer separateth chief friends.
9 relevance votesProverbs 10:12
Hatred stirreth up strifes: but love covereth all transgressions.
9 relevance votesProverbs 28:25
He that is of a greedy spirit stirreth up strife: but he that putteth his trust in the LORD shall be made fat.
8 relevance votesProverbs 25:15
By long forbearing is a ruler persuaded, and a soft tongue breaketh the bone.
4 relevance votes