27 Indeed, the person who, owing to his birth, remains uncircumcised, and yet scrupulously obeys the Law, will condemn you, who, for all your written Law and your circumcision, are yet a breaker of the Law.
Open English Bible, US Edition
Romans 2
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 27
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 2:27. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
65
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Καὶ κρινεῖ ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία, τὸν νόμον τελοῦσα, σὲ τὸν διὰ γράμματος καὶ περιτομῆς παραβάτην νόμου;
17 word entries
Καὶ
κρινεῖ
ἡ
ἐκ
φύσεως
ἀκροβυστία
- Lemma
- akrobustia
- Transliteration
- akrobustia
- Morphology
- Greek: noun nominative singular feminine
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G203
- Occurrences
- 15
τὸν
νόμον
τελοῦσα
σὲ
τὸν
διὰ
γράμματος
καὶ
περιτομῆς
παραβάτην
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
καὶ κρινεῖ ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία τὸν νόμον τελοῦσα σὲ τὸν διὰ γράμματος καὶ περιτομῆς παραβάτην νόμου.
17 word entries
καὶ
ἡ
ἀκροβυστία
- Lemma
- ἀκροβυστία
- Morphology
- N-NSF
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G0203
- Occurrences
- 20
τὸν
τὸν
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܬܕܘܢ ܥܘܪܠܘܬܐ ܕܡܢ ܟܝܢܗ ܓܡܪܐ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܠܟ ܕܒܟܬܒܐ ܘܒܓܙܘܪܬܐ ܥܒܪ ܐܢܬ ܥܠ ܢܡܘܣܐ
13 word entries
ܘܬܕܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܬܕܘܢ
- Transliteration
- wtdwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܥܘܪܠܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܘܪܠܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- 'wrlwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 10
ܕܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܢ
- Transliteration
- dmn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 259
ܟܝܢܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܝܢܗ
- Transliteration
- kynh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܓܡܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܡܪܐ
- Transliteration
- gmr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 2
ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Transliteration
- nmws'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 114
ܠܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܟ
- Transliteration
- lk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 269
ܕܒܟܬܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܟܬܒܐ
- Transliteration
- dbktb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܒܓܙܘܪܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܓܙܘܪܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wbgzwrt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܥܒܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܒܪ
- Transliteration
- 'br
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 30
ܐܢܬ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬ
- Transliteration
- ant
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, second singular
- Gloss
- you
- Occurrences
- 491
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Transliteration
- nmws'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 114
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
et judicabit id quod ex natura est præputium, legem consummans, te, qui per litteram et circumcisionem prævaricator legis es?
18 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
iudicabit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iudico
- Transliteration
- iudicabit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 351
quod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 15011
ex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ex
- Transliteration
- ex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1715
natura
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- natura
- Transliteration
- natura
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 17
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
praeputium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praeputium
- Transliteration
- praeputium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 38
legem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lex
- Transliteration
- legem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 596
consummans
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- consummo
- Transliteration
- consummans
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 68
te
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tu
- Transliteration
- te
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4602
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
per
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- per
- Transliteration
- per
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1915
litteram
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- littera
- Transliteration
- litteram
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 46
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
circumcisionem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- circumcisio
- Transliteration
- circumcisionem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 38
praevaricator
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praeuaricator
- Transliteration
- praevaricator
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 9
legis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lex
- Transliteration
- legis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 596
es
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- es
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Corinthians 3:6
our fitness comes from God, who himself made us fit to be assistants of a new covenant, of which the substance is, not a written Law, but a Spirit. For the written Law means death, but the Spirit gives life.
3 relevance votesRomans 8:4
so that the requirements of the Law might be satisfied in us who live now in obedience, not to our earthly nature, but to the Spirit.
3 relevance votesRomans 2:29
and the real circumcision is the circumcision of the heart, a spiritual and not a literal thing. Such a person wins praise from God, though not from people.
3 relevance votesActs 13:22
After removing him, he raised David to the throne, and bore this testimony to him – ‘In David, the son of Jesse, I have found a man after my own heart, who will carry out all my purposes.’
2 relevance votesHebrews 11:3
Faith enables us to perceive that the universe was created at the bidding of God – so that we know that what we see was not made out of visible things.
2 relevance votesRomans 2:20
and a teacher of the childish, because in the Law you possess the outline of all knowledge and truth.
2 relevance votesRomans 13:10
Love never wrongs a neighbor. Therefore love fully satisfies the Law.
2 relevance votesMatthew 3:15
“This is the way it should be for now,” Jesus answered, “because we should do everything that God requires.” So John agreed.
2 relevance votesGalatians 5:14
Indeed, the whole Law has been summed up in this one precept – ‘You must love your neighbor as you love yourself.’
2 relevance votes