10 may their eyes be darkened, so that they cannot see; and do you always make their backs to bend.’
Open English Bible, US Edition
Romans 11
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 10
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 11:10. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
46
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, καὶ τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διὰ παντὸς σύγκαμψον.
15 word entries
skotisqhtwsan
- Lemma
- skotisqhtwsan
- Transliteration
- skotisqhtwsan
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist passive imperative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4654
- Occurrences
- 1
oi
ofqalmoi
autwn
tou
mh
blepein
kai
ton
nwton
autwn
diapantov
dia
pantov
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, καὶ τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διαπαντὸς σύνκαμψον.
13 word entries
οἱ
τοῦ
καὶ
τὸν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܢܚܫܟܢ ܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ ܕܠܐ ܢܚܙܘܢ ܘܚܨܗܘܢ ܒܟܠܙܒܢ ܢܗܘܐ ܟܦܝܦ
8 word entries
ܢܚܫܟܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܚܫܟܢ
- Transliteration
- nhshkn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'ynyhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 19
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܢܚܙܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܚܙܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nhzwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 12
ܘܚܨܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܨܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- whshwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܟܠܙܒܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܟܠܙܒܢ
- Transliteration
- bklzbn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 41
ܢܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- nhw'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 198
ܟܦܝܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܦܝܦ
- Transliteration
- kpyp
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Obscurentur oculi eorum ne videant: et dorsum eorum semper incurva.
10 word entries
obscurentur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- obscuro
- Transliteration
- obscurentur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 17
oculi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- oculus
- Transliteration
- oculi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 682
eorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
ne
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ne
- Transliteration
- ne
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1109
videant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uideo
- Transliteration
- videant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1988
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
dorsum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dorsum
- Transliteration
- dorsum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 24
illorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
semper
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- semper
- Transliteration
- semper
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 180
incurva
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- incuruo
- Transliteration
- incurva
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 26
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Psalms 69:23
May their eyes be darkened and blind, make them shake without ceasing.
8 relevance votes2 Peter 2:4
Remember, God did not spare angels when they sinned, but sent them down to Tartarus, and consigned them to caverns of darkness, to be kept under guard for judgment.
3 relevance votesRomans 11:8
The rest grew callous; as scripture says – ‘God has given them a deadness of mind – eyes that are not to see and ears that are not to hear – and it is so to this very day.’
3 relevance votesRomans 1:21
because, although they learned to know God, yet they did not offer him as God either praise or thanksgiving. Their speculations about him proved futile, and their undiscerning minds were darkened.
3 relevance votesEphesians 4:18
with their powers of discernment darkened, cut off from the life of God, owing to the ignorance that prevails among them and to the hardness of their hearts.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 65:12
2 relevance votesJude 1:13
they are wild sea waves, foaming with their own shame; they are ‘wandering stars,’ for which the blackest darkness has been reserved for ever.
2 relevance votes2 Peter 2:17
These people are like springs without water, or mists driven before a gale; and for them the blackest darkness has been reserved.
2 relevance votesZechariah 11:17
Woe to my worthless shepherd, who deserts the flock! May the sword strike his arm and his right eye. May his arm completely wither. And his right eye be blinded.
2 relevance votesJude 1:6
and that even those angels, who did not keep to their appointed spheres, but left their proper homes, have been kept by him for the judgment of the great day in everlasting chains and black darkness.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 51:23
1 relevance votes
Chapter 11 · 11 of 16 available
Verse 10 of 36