1 What is the cause of the fighting and quarreling that goes on among you? Isn’t it to be found in the desires which are always at war within you?
Open English Bible, US Edition
James 4
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 1
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to James 4:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
65
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Πόθεν πόλεμοι καὶ μάχαι ἐν ὑμῖν; Οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν, ἐκ τῶν ἡδονῶν ὑμῶν τῶν στρατευομένων ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν;
18 word entries
Πόθεν
πόλεμοι
καὶ
μάχαι
ἐν
ὑμῖν
Οὐκ
ἐντεῦθεν
ἐκ
τῶν
ἡδονῶν
ὑμῶν
τῶν
στρατευομένων
- Lemma
- strateuomenwn
- Transliteration
- strateuomenwn
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle participle genitive plural feminine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4754
- Occurrences
- 1
ἐν
τοῖς
μέλεσιν
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Πόθεν πόλεμοι καὶ πόθεν μάχαι ἐν ὑμῖν; οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν, ἐκ τῶν ἡδονῶν ὑμῶν τῶν στρατευομένων ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν;
19 word entries
καὶ
ἐν
τῶν
τῶν
στρατευομένων
- Lemma
- στρατεύομαι
- Morphology
- V-PMP-GPF
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G4754
- Occurrences
- 7
ἐν
τοῖς
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܢ ܐܝܟܐ ܐܝܬ ܒܟܘܢ ܩܪܒܐ ܘܡܨܘܬܐ ܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܪܓܝܓܬܐ ܕܡܩܪܒܢ ܒܗܕܡܝܟܘܢ
12 word entries
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܐܝܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟܐ
- Transliteration
- 'yk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 75
ܐܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܬ
- Transliteration
- 'yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 330
ܒܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- bkwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 96
ܩܪܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܪܒܐ
- Transliteration
- qrb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 12
ܘܡܨܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܨܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wmswt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 1681
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܪܓܝܓܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܓܝܓܬܐ
- Transliteration
- rgygt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 7
ܕܡܩܪܒܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܩܪܒܢ
- Transliteration
- dmqrbn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܗܕܡܝܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗܕܡܝܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- bhdmykwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Unde bella et lites in vobis? nonne hinc: ex concupiscentiis vestris, quæ militant in membris vestris?
16 word entries
unde
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- unde
- Transliteration
- unde
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 151
bella
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- bellum
- Transliteration
- bella
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 186
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
lites
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lis
- Transliteration
- lites
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
vobis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uos
- Transliteration
- vobis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2958
nonne
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nonne
- Transliteration
- nonne
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 208
hinc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hinc
- Transliteration
- hinc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 46
ex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ex
- Transliteration
- ex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1715
concupiscentiis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- concupiscentia
- Transliteration
- concupiscentiis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 43
vestris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uester
- Transliteration
- vestris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1504
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
militant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- milito
- Transliteration
- militant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 10
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
membris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- membrum
- Transliteration
- membris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 48
vestris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uester
- Transliteration
- vestris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1504
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
1 Peter 2:11
Dear friends, I beg you, as pilgrims and strangers on earth, to refrain from indulging the cravings of your earthly nature, for they make war on the soul.
40 relevance votesGalatians 5:17
For these cravings of our earthly nature conflict with the Spirit, and the Spirit with our earthly nature – they are two contrary principles – so that you cannot do what you wish.
37 relevance votesRomans 7:23
but throughout my body I see a different law, one which is in conflict with the law accepted by my reason, and which endeavors to make me a prisoner to that law of sin which exists throughout my body.
34 relevance votesJames 1:14
A man is in every case tempted by their own passions – allured and enticed by them.
25 relevance votesRomans 8:7
because to be earthly-minded is to be an enemy to God, for such a mind does not submit to the Law of God, nor indeed can it do so.
24 relevance votesJeremiah 17:9
21 relevance votesColossians 3:5
Therefore destroy all that is earthly in you – immorality, uncleanness, passions, evil desires, and that greed which is idolatry.
16 relevance votes1 Peter 1:14
Be like obedient children; do not let your lives be shaped by the passions which once swayed you in the days of your ignorance,
16 relevance votesJames 4:3
You ask, yet do not receive, because you ask for a wrong purpose – to spend what you get on your pleasures.
15 relevance votes2 Peter 3:3
First be assured of this, that, as the age draws to an end, scoffers, led by their own passions,
15 relevance votesTitus 3:9
But have nothing to do with foolish controversies, or with genealogies, or with quarrels, or fights about the Law. They are useless and futile.
14 relevance votesTitus 3:3
There was a time when we ourselves were foolish, disobedient, misled, enslaved to all kinds of desires and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hating ourselves and hating one another.
14 relevance votes