Hosea
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Open English Bible, US Edition

Hosea 8

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 8

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8 Israel is devoured. Already it lies discarded among the nations like a worthless pot.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Hosea 8:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 49
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

נִבְלַ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַתָּה֙ הָי֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֔ם כִּכְלִ֖י אֵֽין־חֵ֥פֶץ בּֽוֹ׃

9 word entries
נִבְלַ֖ע
Lemma
1104
Morphology
Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H1104
Occurrences
35
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
Lemma
3478
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3478
Occurrences
2260
עַתָּה֙
Lemma
6258
Morphology
Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech
adverb
Strong's
H6258
Occurrences
149
הָי֣וּ
Lemma
1961
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H1961
Occurrences
1660
בַגּוֹיִ֔ם
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H1471
Occurrences
86
כִּכְלִ֖י
Lemma
k/3627
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H3627
Occurrences
7
אֵֽין
Lemma
369
Morphology
Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H369
Occurrences
460
חֵ֥פֶץ
Lemma
2656
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H2656
Occurrences
33
בּֽוֹ
Lemma
b
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech
preposition
Occurrences
1362
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Κατεπόθη Ἰσραὴλ, νῦν ἐγένετο ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ὡς σκεῦος ἄχρηστον,

10 word entries
Κατεπόθη
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
katepothe
Morphology
verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss
was ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
3
Ἰσραὴλ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
Israel
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
Israel
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
Occurrences
2695
νῦν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
νῦν
Transliteration
nyn
Morphology
adverb
Gloss
now
Part of Speech
adverb
Definition
Now, at the present time.
Occurrences
614
ἐγένετο
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
egeneto
Morphology
verb, aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it became, happened
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
Occurrences
1418
ἐν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐν
Transliteration
en
Morphology
preposition with dative
Gloss
in, among, with
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's
G1722
Occurrences
13086
τοῖς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ὁ
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἔθνεσιν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
ethnos
Morphology
noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss
nation, people
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Nation, people, Gentile group, or ethnic body.
Occurrences
917
ὡς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ὡς
Transliteration
hos
Morphology
comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss
as, like, when
Part of Speech
conjunction/adverb
Definition
Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences
1899
σκεῦος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
skeuos
Morphology
noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss
vessel, implement
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Vessel, implement, object, or container.
Occurrences
264
ἄχρηστον
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
achreston
Morphology
accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
5
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܬܒܠܥ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܘܡܟܝܠ ܗܘܘ ܒܥܡܡܐ ܐܝܟ ܡܐܢܐ ܕܠܝܬ ܒܗ ܚܫܚܘ

10 word entries
ܐܬܒܠܥ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'tbl'
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
1
ܐܝܣܪܝܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'ysryl
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
809
ܘܡܟܝܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wmkyl
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
18
ܗܘܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܗܘܘ
Transliteration
hww
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
1064
ܒܥܡܡܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
b'mm'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
39
ܐܝܟ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܐܝܟ
Transliteration
'yk
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
2051
ܡܐܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
m'n'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
123
ܕܠܝܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dlyt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
169
ܒܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܒܗ
Transliteration
bh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
571
ܚܫܚܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
hshhw
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
9
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אִתְבְּזִיז יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּעַן הֲווֹ בְּעַמְמַיָא כְּמָנָא דְלֵית צְרוֹךְ בֵּיהּ׃

9 word entries
אִתְבְּזִיז
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'tbzyz
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
2
יִשְׂרָאֵל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Transliteration
yshr'l
Morphology
proper noun
Gloss
Israel
Occurrences
2312
כְּעַן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
כען
Transliteration
k'n
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
555
הֲווֹ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
הוו
Transliteration
hww
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
399
בְּעַמְמַיָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
b'mmy'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
635
כְּמָנָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
מנא
Transliteration
kmn'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
114
דְלֵית
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
לית
Transliteration
dlyt
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
629
צְרוֹךְ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
tsrwk
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
36
בֵּיהּ׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ביה
Transliteration
byh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
359
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Devoratus est Israël; nunc factus est in nationibus quasi vas immundum.

11 word entries
devoratus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
deuoro
Transliteration
devoratus
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
146
est
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
est
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
Israhel
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Israel
Transliteration
Israhel
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
2547
nunc
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
nunc
Transliteration
nunc
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
620
factus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
facio
Transliteration
factus
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
4719
est
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
est
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
nationibus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
natio
Transliteration
nationibus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
98
quasi
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
quasi
Transliteration
quasi
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
989
vas
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uas
Transliteration
vas
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
270
inmundum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
inmundum
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
138

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Romans 9:22

And what if God, intending to reveal his displeasure and make his power known, bore most patiently with the objects of his displeasure, though they were fit only to be destroyed,

2 relevance votes
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