Hosea 8

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 14

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¹⁴ For Israel forgot his Maker and built palaces, and Judah multiplied fortified cities. But I will send fire upon her cities, and it will devour her strongholds.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Hosea 8:14. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 98

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיִּשְׁכַּ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־עֹשֵׂ֗הוּ וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ הֵֽיכָל֔וֹת וִֽיהוּדָ֕ה הִרְבָּ֖ה עָרִ֣ים בְּצֻר֑וֹת וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־אֵ֣שׁ בְּעָרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃ ס

15 word entries

וַיִּשְׁכַּ֨ח

Lemma: c/7911
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7911
Occurrences: 18

יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל

Lemma: 3478
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3478
Occurrences: 2260

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

עֹשֵׂ֗הוּ

Lemma: 6213 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6213
Occurrences: 1634

וַיִּ֨בֶן֙

Lemma: c/1129
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1129
Occurrences: 132

הֵֽיכָל֔וֹת

Lemma: 1964
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1964
Occurrences: 31

וִֽיהוּדָ֕ה

Lemma: c/3063
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3063
Occurrences: 39

הִרְבָּ֖ה

Lemma: 7235 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7235
Occurrences: 151

עָרִ֣ים

Lemma: 5892 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5892
Occurrences: 377

בְּצֻר֑וֹת

Lemma: 1219
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H1219
Occurrences: 23

וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי

Lemma: c/7971
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb piel sequential perfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7971
Occurrences: 387

אֵ֣שׁ

Lemma: 784
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H784
Occurrences: 157

בְּעָרָ֔יו

Lemma: b/5892 b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5892
Occurrences: 162

וְאָכְלָ֖ה

Lemma: c/398
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential perfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H398
Occurrences: 240

אַרְמְנֹתֶֽיהָ

Lemma: 759
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H759
Occurrences: 24

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἐπελάθετο Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ ποιήσαντος αὐτόν, καὶ ᾠκοδόμησαν τεμένη· καὶ Ἰούδας ἐπλήθυνε πόλεις τετειχισμένας· καὶ ἐξαποστελῶ πῦρ εἰς τὰς πόλεις αὐτοῦ, καὶ καταφάγεται τὰ θεμέλια αὐτῶν.

26 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐπελάθετο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπελάθετο
Transliteration: epelatheto
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

Ἰσραὴλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰσραήλ
Transliteration: Israel
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Israel
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
Occurrences: 2695

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ποιήσαντος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ποιήσαντος
Transliteration: poiesantos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

αὐτόν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ᾠκοδόμησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ᾠκοδόμησαν
Transliteration: kodomesan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 35

τεμένη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: τεμένη
Transliteration: temene
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Ἰούδας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰούδας
Transliteration: Ioudas
Morphology: proper noun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: Judah/Judas
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Judah or Judas depending on context.
Occurrences: 221

ἐπλήθυνε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπλήθυνε
Transliteration: eplethyne
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 15

πόλεις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πόλις
Transliteration: polis
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: city
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: City or town.
Occurrences: 1387

τετειχισμένας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: τετειχισμένας
Transliteration: teteichismenas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐξαποστελῶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξαποστελῶ
Transliteration: exapostelo
Morphology: 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
Gloss: I ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 27

πῦρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πῦρ
Transliteration: pyr
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: fire
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Fire.
Occurrences: 446

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

τὰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πόλεις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πόλις
Transliteration: polis
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: city
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: City or town.
Occurrences: 1387

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

καταφάγεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: καταφάγεται
Transliteration: kataphagetai
Morphology: verb, present/future middle-passive form, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 36

τὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

θεμέλια

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: θεμέλια
Transliteration: themelia
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 30

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܛܥܐ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܠܡܢ ܕܥܒܕܗ ܘܒܢܐ ܗܝܟܠܐ ܘܝܗܘܕܐ ܐܣܓܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܥܫܝܢܬܐ ܐܫܒܘܩ ܢܘܪܐ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܗ ܘܬܐܟܘܠ ܣܚܪܬܗ

15 word entries

ܛܥܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܥܐ
Transliteration: t''
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 14

ܐܝܣܪܝܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܣܪܝܠ
Transliteration: 'ysryl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 809

ܠܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܢ
Transliteration: lmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 57

ܕܥܒܕܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܒܕܗ
Transliteration: d'bdh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 20

ܘܒܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܒܢܐ
Transliteration: wbn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 50

ܗܝܟܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܝܟܠܐ
Transliteration: hykl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 49

ܘܝܗܘܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܝܗܘܕܐ
Transliteration: wyhwd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 33

ܐܣܓܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܣܓܝ
Transliteration: 'sgy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 13

ܡܕܝܢܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܕܝܢܬܐ
Transliteration: mdynt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 206

ܥܫܝܢܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܫܝܢܬܐ
Transliteration: 'shynt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 48

ܐܫܒܘܩ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܫܒܘܩ
Transliteration: 'shbwq
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 12

ܢܘܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܘܪܐ
Transliteration: nwr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 134

ܒܡܕܝܢܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܡܕܝܢܬܗ
Transliteration: bmdynth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 3

ܘܬܐܟܘܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܬܐܟܘܠ
Transliteration: wt'kwl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 21

ܣܚܪܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܚܪܬܗ
Transliteration: shrth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 18

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּשְׁבַק יִשְׂרָאֵל יַת פּוּלְחַן עָבְדֵיהּ וּבְנָא הֵיכְלִין לְטַעֲוָתָא וּדְבֵית יְהוּדָה אַסְגִיאוּ קִרְוִין כְּרִיכָן וְאֶשְׁלַח אֶשְׁתָּא בְּקִרְווֹהִי וּתְשֵׁיצֵי בִּרְנָיָתָהָא׃

18 word entries

וּשְׁבַק

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שבק
Transliteration: wshbq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 34

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

יַת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

פּוּלְחַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פולחן
Transliteration: pwlchn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 65

עָבְדֵיהּ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עבד
Transliteration: 'bdyh
Morphology: verbal or nominal root עבד
Gloss: made, did, served
Occurrences: 1208

וּבְנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בנא
Transliteration: wbn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 132

הֵיכְלִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היכלין
Transliteration: hyklyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

לְטַעֲוָתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טעותא
Transliteration: lt'wt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 113

וּדְבֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דבית
Transliteration: wdbyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 93

יְהוּדָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יהודה
Transliteration: yhwdh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 745

אַסְגִיאוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אסגיאו
Transliteration: 'sgy'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 16

קִרְוִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קרוין
Transliteration: qrwyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 93

כְּרִיכָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ריכן
Transliteration: krykn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 29

וְאֶשְׁלַח

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשלח
Transliteration: w'shlch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 33

אֶשְׁתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשתא
Transliteration: 'sht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 134

בְּקִרְווֹהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קרווהי
Transliteration: bqrwwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 14

וּתְשֵׁיצֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תשיצי
Transliteration: wtshytsy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 22

בִּרְנָיָתָהָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רניתהא
Transliteration: brnyth'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 11

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et oblitus est Israël factoris sui, et ædificavit delubra; et Judas multiplicavit urbes munitas; et mittam ignem in civitates ejus, et devorabit ædes illius.]

24 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

oblitus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: obliuiscor
Transliteration: oblitus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 115

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Israhel

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Israel
Transliteration: Israhel
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 2547

factoris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: factor
Transliteration: factoris
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 17

sui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: sui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

aedificavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aedifico
Transliteration: aedificavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 449

delubra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: delubrum
Transliteration: delubra
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 12

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Iudas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iuda
Transliteration: Iudas
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 970

multiplicavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: multiplico
Transliteration: multiplicavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 160

urbes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: urbs
Transliteration: urbes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 365

munitas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: munitus
Transliteration: munitas
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 44

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

mittam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mitto
Transliteration: mittam
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1165

ignem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ignis
Transliteration: ignem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 540

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

civitates

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ciuitas
Transliteration: civitates
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1108

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

devorabit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: deuoro
Transliteration: devorabit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 146

aedes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aedes
Transliteration: aedes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 34

illius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ille
Transliteration: illius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4947

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Chapter 8 of 14 Verse 14 of 14

Next Chapter

Hosea 8

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Jeremiah 17:27

Deuteronomy 32:18

Hosea 13:6

Amos 2:5

Isaiah 17:10

Psalms 106:21

Ephesians 2:10

Amos 1:10

Jeremiah 2:32

1 Kings 12:31

Amos 1:4

Isaiah 42:13