8 Gilead is a city of evildoers, tracked with bloody footprints,
Open English Bible, US Edition
Hosea 6
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 8
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Hosea 6:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
30
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
גִּלְעָ֕ד קִרְיַ֖ת פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן עֲקֻבָּ֖ה מִדָּֽם׃
6 word entries
קִרְיַ֖ת
פֹּ֣עֲלֵי
אָ֑וֶן
עֲקֻבָּ֖ה
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
ἐργαζομένη μάταια, ταράσσουσα ὕδωρ,
4 word entries
ἐργαζομένη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐργαζομένη
- Transliteration
- ergazomene
- Morphology
- nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
μάταια
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- μάταια
- Transliteration
- mataia
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 24
ταράσσουσα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ταράσσουσα
- Transliteration
- tarassoysa
- Morphology
- present active participle, nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- doing/being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ὕδωρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὕδωρ
- Transliteration
- hydor
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- water
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Water.
- Occurrences
- 629
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܓܠܥܕ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܝ ܕܥܒܕܝ ܥܘܠܐ ܘܡܦܠܦܠܐ ܒܕܡܐ
7 word entries
ܓܠܥܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܠܥܕ
- Transliteration
- gl'd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 30
ܡܕܝܢܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܕܝܢܬܐ
- Transliteration
- mdynt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 206
ܗܝ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܝ
- Transliteration
- hi
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, feminine singular
- Gloss
- she, it, is
- Occurrences
- 578
ܕܥܒܕܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܒܕܝ
- Transliteration
- d'bdy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 12
ܥܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- 'wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 232
ܘܡܦܠܦܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܦܠܦܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wmplpl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܕܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܕܡܐ
- Transliteration
- bdm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 20
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
גִלְעָד קִרְיַת אֲנוּסִין בְּנַכְלִין אַשְׁדִין דַם זַכָּאי׃
7 word entries
גִלְעָד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גלעד
- Transliteration
- gl'd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 106
קִרְיַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קרית
- Transliteration
- qryt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 63
אֲנוּסִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אנוסין
- Transliteration
- 'nwsyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 8
בְּנַכְלִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נכלין
- Transliteration
- bnklyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 13
אַשְׁדִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אשדין
- Transliteration
- 'shdyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 4
דַם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דם
- Transliteration
- dm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 59
זַכָּאי׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- זכאי
- Transliteration
- zk'y
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 67
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Galaad civitas operantium idolum, supplantata sanguine.
6 word entries
Galaad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Galaas
- Transliteration
- Galaad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 99
civitas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ciuitas
- Transliteration
- civitas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1108
operantium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- operor
- Transliteration
- operantium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 234
idolum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- idolum
- Transliteration
- idolum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 144
subplantata
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- supplanto
- Transliteration
- subplantata
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 16
sanguine
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sanguis
- Transliteration
- sanguine
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 475
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Hosea 12:11
In Gilead is iniquity, they will come to nothing. In Gilgal they sacrifice bulls, so their altars will be as stone heaps, among the furrows of the field.
4 relevance votesMicah 7:2
The honest have perished from the land, of the upright among people there is none. All of them lie in wait to shed blood. They hunt one another with the net.
3 relevance votesHosea 4:2
but cursing, lying, and murder, stealing, committing adultery, and deeds of violence, and acts of bloodshed quickly follow each other.
3 relevance votes2 Samuel 20:8
2 relevance votesJoshua 21:38
From the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with its pastures (the town of refuge for a person who commits manslaughter), Mahanaim with its pastures,
2 relevance votesJeremiah 11:19
2 relevance votesPsalms 59:2
Save me from those who do wrong, save me from the bloodthirsty.
2 relevance votesActs 25:3
and asked a favor of him, to Paul’s injury – to have Paul brought to Jerusalem. All the while they were plotting to make away with him on the road.
2 relevance votesHosea 5:1
Hear this, priests! Attend, Israelites! Listen, royal family! For you is the judgment: a snare you have become at Mizpeh, and a net spread out on Tabor,
2 relevance votesIsaiah 59:6
2 relevance votes1 Kings 2:5
2 relevance votesPsalms 10:8
Lying in secret in some village ambush, and stealthily watching, they murder the innocent.
2 relevance votes