Hosea 6

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 10

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¹⁰ In Bethel I have seen a horrible thing. There Ephraim plays the prostitute, Israel is defiled.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Hosea 6:10. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 68

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

בְּבֵית֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רָאִ֖יתִי שעריריה שָׁ֚ם זְנ֣וּת לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם נִטְמָ֖א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

10 word entries

בְּבֵית֙

Lemma: b/1004 b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1004
Occurrences: 215

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל

Lemma: 3478
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3478
Occurrences: 2260

רָאִ֖יתִי

Lemma: 7200
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7200
Occurrences: 675

שעריריה

Lemma: 8186 b
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H8186
Occurrences: 3

שַׁעֲרֽוּרִיָּ֑ה

Lemma: 8186 b
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H8186
Occurrences: 3

שָׁ֚ם

Lemma: 8033
Morphology: Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech: adverb
Strong's: H8033
Occurrences: 671

זְנ֣וּת

Lemma: 2184
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2184
Occurrences: 7

לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם

Lemma: l/669
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H669
Occurrences: 10

נִטְמָ֖א

Lemma: 2930 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2930
Occurrences: 95

יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

Lemma: 3478
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3478
Occurrences: 2260

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

πορνείαν τοῦ Ἐφραίμ· ἐμιάνθη Ἰσραὴλ καὶ Ἰούδα· ἄρχου τρυγᾷν σεαυτῷ,

10 word entries

πορνείαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πορνείαν
Transliteration: porneian
Morphology: aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss: they ... / ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 20

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ἐφραίμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἐφραίμ
Transliteration: ephraim
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἐφραίμ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Ephraim.
Occurrences: 177

ἐμιάνθη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐμιάνθη
Transliteration: emianthe
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

Ἰσραὴλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰσραήλ
Transliteration: Israel
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Israel
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
Occurrences: 2695

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Ἰούδα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰούδα
Transliteration: Iouda
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Judah, Judas
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Judah/Judas depending on context.
Occurrences: 692

ἄρχου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἄρχου
Transliteration: archoy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

τρυγᾷν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: τρυγᾷν
Transliteration: trygn
Morphology: aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss: they ... / ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

σεαυτῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σεαυτοῦ
Transliteration: seauto
Morphology: reflexive pronoun, dative masculine/neuter singular
Gloss: to/for yourself
Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun
Definition: Second-person reflexive pronoun.
Occurrences: 165

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܒܒܝܬܐ ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ ܚܙܝܬ ܬܡܗܐ ܬܡܢ ܙܢܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܘܐܬܛܢܦ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ

9 word entries

ܒܒܝܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܒܝܬܐ
Transliteration: bbyt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 59

ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ
Transliteration: d'ysr'yl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 55

ܚܙܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܙܝܬ
Transliteration: hzyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 87

ܬܡܗܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܡܗܐ
Transliteration: tmh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 3

ܬܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܡܢ
Transliteration: tmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 459

ܙܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܙܢܝ
Transliteration: zny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2

ܐܦܪܝܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܦܪܝܡ
Transliteration: 'prym
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 63

ܘܐܬܛܢܦ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܬܛܢܦ
Transliteration: w'ttnp
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܐܝܣܪܝܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܣܪܝܠ
Transliteration: 'ysryl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 809

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

בְּבֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל חֲזֵיתִי שְׁנוּ אַשְׁנִיאוּ קְיָמָא דִגְזִיר עִמְהוֹן קְיָמָא דִגְזִיר עִמְהוֹן דְלָא לְמִפְלַח לְטַעֲוָתָא תָּבוּ אִינוּן לְמִטְעֵי בְּתַר עֶגְלַיָא בְּבֵית אַל תַּמָן טָעוּ בֵּית אֶפְרַיִם אִסְתַּאֲבוּ בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל׃

28 word entries

בְּבֵית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: bbyt
Morphology: prefixed preposition ב + noun construct/absolute
Gloss: in/with house, household
Occurrences: 2611

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

חֲזֵיתִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חזיתי
Transliteration: chzyty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 36

שְׁנוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שנו
Transliteration: shnw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

אַשְׁנִיאוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשניאו
Transliteration: 'shny'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

קְיָמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קימא
Transliteration: qym'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 145

דִגְזִיר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גזיר
Transliteration: dgzyr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 8

עִמְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמהון
Transliteration: 'mhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 100

קְיָמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קימא
Transliteration: qym'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 145

דִגְזִיר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גזיר
Transliteration: dgzyr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 8

עִמְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמהון
Transliteration: 'mhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 100

דְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דלא
Transliteration: dl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 607

לְמִפְלַח

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מפלח
Transliteration: lmplch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 36

לְטַעֲוָתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טעותא
Transliteration: lt'wt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 113

תָּבוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תבו
Transliteration: tbw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 104

אִינוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אינון
Transliteration: 'ynwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 449

לְמִטְעֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מטעי
Transliteration: lmt'y
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 18

בְּתַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בתר
Transliteration: btr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 428

עֶגְלַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עגליא
Transliteration: 'gly'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

בְּבֵית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: bbyt
Morphology: prefixed preposition ב + noun construct/absolute
Gloss: in/with house, household
Occurrences: 2611

אַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אל
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 80

תַּמָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תמן
Transliteration: tmn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 618

טָעוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טעו
Transliteration: t'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 45

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

אֶפְרַיִם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אפרים
Transliteration: 'prym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 133

אִסְתַּאֲבוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אסתאבו
Transliteration: 'st'bw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

יִשְׂרָאֵל׃

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

In domo Israël vidi horrendum: ibi fornicationes Ephraim, contaminatus est Israël.

11 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

domo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: domus
Transliteration: domo
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1989

Israhel

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Israel
Transliteration: Israhel
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 2547

vidi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uideo
Transliteration: vidi
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1988

horrendum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: horrendus
Transliteration: horrendum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 7

ibi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ibi
Transliteration: ibi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 517

fornicationes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fornicatio
Transliteration: fornicationes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 70

Ephraim

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ephraim
Transliteration: Ephraim
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 136

contaminatus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: contamino
Transliteration: contaminatus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 60

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Israhel

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Israel
Transliteration: Israhel
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 2547

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Chapter 6 of 14 Verse 10 of 11

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Hosea 6

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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Jeremiah 23:14

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2 Kings 17:7

1 Kings 15:30

Hosea 4:17

Hosea 4:11

Jeremiah 18:13