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Open English Bible, US Edition

Genesis 44

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 12

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¹² and the steward searched, beginning with the oldest and ending with the youngest; and the cup was found in Benjamin’s sack.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 44:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 61

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיְחַפֵּ֕שׂ בַּגָּד֣וֹל הֵחֵ֔ל וּבַקָּטֹ֖ן כִּלָּ֑ה וַיִּמָּצֵא֙ הַגָּבִ֔יעַ בְּאַמְתַּ֖חַת בִּנְיָמִֽן׃

9 word entries

וַיְחַפֵּ֕שׂ

Lemma: c/2664
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb piel sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H2664
Occurrences: 9

בַּגָּד֣וֹל

Lemma: b/1419 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adjective
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1419
Occurrences: 3

הֵחֵ֔ל

Lemma: 2490 c
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2490
Occurrences: 90

וּבַקָּטֹ֖ן

Lemma: c/b/6996 b
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + adjective
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6996
Occurrences: 1

כִּלָּ֑ה

Lemma: 3615
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3615
Occurrences: 110

וַיִּמָּצֵא֙

Lemma: c/4672
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb niphal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H4672
Occurrences: 89

הַגָּבִ֔יעַ

Lemma: d/1375
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H1375
Occurrences: 3

בְּאַמְתַּ֖חַת

Lemma: b/572
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H572
Occurrences: 5

בִּנְיָמִֽן

Lemma: 1144
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1144
Occurrences: 113

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἠρεύνησε δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου ἀρξάμενος, ἕως ἦλθεν ἐπὶ τὸν νεώτερον. καὶ εὗρε τὸ κόνδυ ἐν τῷ μαρσίππῳ τοῦ Βενιαμίν.

20 word entries

Ἠρεύνησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἠρεύνησε
Transliteration: ereynese
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἠρεύνησε
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ἀπὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀπό
Transliteration: apo
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, away from
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences: 3869

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πρεσβυτέρου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πρεσβυτέρου
Transliteration: presbyteroy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

ἀρξάμενος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀρξάμενος
Transliteration: arxamenos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἕως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἕως
Transliteration: heos
Morphology: preposition/conjunction
Gloss: until, as far as
Part of Speech: preposition/conjunction
Definition: Temporal or spatial marker.
Occurrences: 1413

ἦλθεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔρχομαι
Transliteration: elthen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it came
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To come, go, or move toward.
Occurrences: 656

ἐπὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: epi
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

νεώτερον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: νεώτερον
Transliteration: neoteron
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

εὗρε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εὑρίσκω
Transliteration: heure
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she found
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To find or discover.
Occurrences: 152

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

κόνδυ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κόνδυ
Transliteration: kondy
Morphology: rare LXX source token; morphology and lexical role require manual review
Gloss: rare source form
Part of Speech: adverb/adjectival form
Definition: Final low-confidence LXX tail classification for a rare Greek, elided, numeral, or transliterated source token. Exact lexical identity and morphology require manual review.
Occurrences: 9

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

μαρσίππῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μαρσίππῳ
Transliteration: marsippo
Morphology: dative singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Βενιαμίν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Βενιαμίν
Transliteration: beniamin
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Βενιαμίν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Benjamin.
Occurrences: 165

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וּבְלַשׁ בְּרַבָּא שָׁרֵי וּבִזְעֵירָא שֵׁצִי וְאִשְׁתְּכַח כַּלִּידָא בְּטוֹעֲנָא דְבִנְיָמִן

9 word entries

וּבְלַשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בלש
Transliteration: wblsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

בְּרַבָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רבא
Transliteration: brb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 138

שָׁרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שרי
Transliteration: shry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 39

וּבִזְעֵירָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בזעירא
Transliteration: wbz'yr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

שֵׁצִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שצי
Transliteration: shtsy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 8

וְאִשְׁתְּכַח

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשתכח
Transliteration: w'shtkch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 10

כַּלִּידָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לידא
Transliteration: klyd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 4

בְּטוֹעֲנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טוענא
Transliteration: btw'n'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

דְבִנְיָמִן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בנימן
Transliteration: dbnymn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 11

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܒܨܘ ܡܢ ܪܒܐ ܫ̇ܪܝ ܘܒܙܥܘܪܐ ܫ̇ܠܡ. ܘܐܫܬܟܚ ܐܣܩܦܐ ܒܛܥܢܗ ܕܒܢܝܡܝܢ.

10 word entries

ܘܒܨܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WBYW
Morphology: W-BY(J[W
Occurrences: 0

ܡܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MN
Morphology: MN
Occurrences: 0

ܪܒܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: RB>
Morphology: RB/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܫ̇ܪܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: C^RJ
Morphology: CRJ[:d
Occurrences: 0

ܘܒܙܥܘܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WBZ<WR>
Morphology: W-B-Z<WR/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܫ̇ܠܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: C^LM
Morphology: CLM[/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܫܬܟܚ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>CTKX
Morphology: W-@>(T&C@(C&TKX[
Occurrences: 0

ܐܣܩܦܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >SQP>
Morphology: >SQP/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܒܛܥܢܗ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: BV<NH
Morphology: B-V<N/-H
Occurrences: 0

ܕܒܢܝܡܝܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DBNJMJN
Morphology: D-BNJMJN/
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Quos scrutatus, incipiens a majore usque ad minimum, invenit scyphum in sacco Benjamin.

13 word entries

quos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

scrutatus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: scrutor
Transliteration: scrutatus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 41

incipiens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: incipio
Transliteration: incipiens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 59

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ab
Transliteration: a
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3693

maiore

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: magnus
Transliteration: maiore
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 1017

usque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: usque
Transliteration: usque
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1221

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

minimum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: paruus
Transliteration: minimum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 136

invenit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inuenio
Transliteration: invenit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 682

scyphum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: scyphus
Transliteration: scyphum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 19

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

sacco

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: saccus
Transliteration: sacco
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 43

Beniamin

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Beniamin
Transliteration: Beniamin
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 158

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Genesis 44

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Ranked cross references

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Genesis 44:2

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