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Open English Bible, US Edition

Genesis 18

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 22

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²² As the men turned from there and went toward Sodom, Abraham remained standing before the Lord

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 18:22. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 62

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיִּפְנ֤וּ מִשָּׁם֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ סְדֹ֑מָה וְאַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם עוֹדֶ֥נּוּ עֹמֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃

10 word entries

וַיִּפְנ֤וּ

Lemma: c/6437
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6437
Occurrences: 48

מִשָּׁם֙

Lemma: m/8033
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adverb
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H8033
Occurrences: 108

הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים

Lemma: d/376
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H376
Occurrences: 288

וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ

Lemma: c/3212
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3212
Occurrences: 453

סְדֹ֑מָה

Lemma: 5467
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5467
Occurrences: 33

וְאַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם

Lemma: c/85
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H85
Occurrences: 8

עוֹדֶ֥נּוּ

Lemma: 5750
Morphology: Hebrew: adverb + suffix
Part of Speech: adverb
Strong's: H5750
Occurrences: 432

עֹמֵ֖ד

Lemma: 5975
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5975
Occurrences: 265

לִפְנֵ֥י

Lemma: l/6440
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 1012

יְהוָֽה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἀποστρέψαντες ἐκεῖθεν οἱ ἄνδρες, ἦλθον εἰς Σόδομα· Ἁβραὰμ δὲ ἔτι ἦν ἑστηκὼς ἐναντίον Κυρίου.

15 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀποστρέψαντες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀποστρέψαντες
Transliteration: apostrepsantes
Morphology: nominative/vocative plural masculine/feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ἐκεῖθεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκεῖθεν
Transliteration: ekeithen
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: from there
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: From there, thence.
Occurrences: 135

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἄνδρες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: andres
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative plural
Gloss: men
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

ἦλθον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔρχομαι
Transliteration: elthon
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 1st singular or 3rd plural
Gloss: I/they came
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To come, go, or move toward.
Occurrences: 656

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

Σόδομα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σόδομα
Transliteration: sodoma
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

Ἁβραὰμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἀβραάμ
Transliteration: Abraam
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Abraham
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Abraham.
Occurrences: 153

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ἔτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔτι
Transliteration: eti
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: still, yet, again
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Still, yet, further.
Occurrences: 520

ἦν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: en
Morphology: verb, imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it was
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

ἑστηκὼς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἑστηκὼς
Transliteration: estekos
Morphology: adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
Gloss: ...ly / having ...
Part of Speech: adverb/participle form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

ἐναντίον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐναντίον
Transliteration: enantion
Morphology: preposition/adverb
Gloss: before, opposite, against
Part of Speech: preposition/adverb
Definition: Before, opposite, in the presence of, or against.
Occurrences: 414

Κυρίου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וְאִתְפְּנִיאוּ מִתַּמָּן גֻּבְרַיָּא וַאֲזָלוּ לִסְדוֹם וְאַבְרָהָם עַד כְּעַן מְשַׁמֵּשׁ בִּצְלוֹ קֳדָם יְיָ

12 word entries

וְאִתְפְּנִיאוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתפניאו
Transliteration: w'tpny'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

מִתַּמָּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תמן
Transliteration: mtmn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 254

גֻּבְרַיָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבריא
Transliteration: gbry'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 70

וַאֲזָלוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אזלו
Transliteration: w'zlw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 22

לִסְדוֹם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סדום
Transliteration: lsdwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 22

וְאַבְרָהָם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אברהם
Transliteration: w'brhm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 152

עַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עד
Transliteration: 'd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 292

כְּעַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כען
Transliteration: k'n
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 215

מְשַׁמֵּשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמש
Transliteration: mshmsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 9

בִּצְלוֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צלו
Transliteration: btslw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 12

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 823

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 1694

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܐܬܦܢܝܘ ܡܢ ܬܡܢ ܓܒܪ̈ܐ. ܘܐܙܠܘ ܠܣܕܘܡ. ܘܐܒܪܗܡ ܥܕܟܝܠ ܩܐܡ ܗܘܐ ܩܕܡ ܡܪܝܐ .

12 word entries

ܘܐܬܦܢܝܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>TPNJW
Morphology: W-@>T@PNJ[W
Occurrences: 0

ܡܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MN
Morphology: MN
Occurrences: 0

ܬܡܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TMN
Morphology: TMN
Occurrences: 0

ܓܒܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: GBR">
Morphology: GBR/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܙܠܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>ZLW
Morphology: W->ZL[W
Occurrences: 0

ܠܣܕܘܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LSDWM
Morphology: L-SDWM/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܒܪܗܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>BRHM
Morphology: W->BRHM/
Occurrences: 0

ܥܕܟܝܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <DKJL
Morphology: <DKJL
Occurrences: 0

ܩܐܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: Q>M
Morphology: Q(W&>M[/
Occurrences: 0

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: HW>
Morphology: HW(J&>[
Occurrences: 0

ܩܕܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: QDM
Morphology: QDM/
Occurrences: 0

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MRJ>
Morphology: MRJ>/
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Converteruntque se inde, et abierunt Sodomam: Abraham vero adhuc stabat coram Domino.

13 word entries

converteruntque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: conuerto
Transliteration: converteruntque
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 343

{converteruntque}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: que
Transliteration: {converteruntque}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4392

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sui
Transliteration: se
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1317

inde

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inde
Transliteration: inde
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 181

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

abierunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: abeo
Transliteration: abierunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 404

Sodomam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Sodoma
Transliteration: Sodomam
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 44

Abraham

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Abraham
Transliteration: Abraham
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 214

vero

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uero
Transliteration: vero
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 537

adhuc

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: adhuc
Transliteration: adhuc
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 271

stabat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sto
Transliteration: stabat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 646

coram

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: coram
Transliteration: coram
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 710

Domino

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Domino
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Genesis 18

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