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Open English Bible, US Edition

Genesis 18

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 12

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¹² so she laughed to herself, saying, “After I and my husband are so old will I have pleasure?”

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 18:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 65

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַתִּצְחַ֥ק שָׂרָ֖ה בְּקִרְבָּ֣הּ לֵאמֹ֑ר אַחֲרֵ֤י בְלֹתִי֙ הָֽיְתָה־לִּ֣י עֶדְנָ֔ה וַֽאדֹנִ֖י זָקֵֽן׃

11 word entries

וַתִּצְחַ֥ק

Lemma: c/6711
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6711
Occurrences: 3

שָׂרָ֖ה

Lemma: 8283
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8283
Occurrences: 29

בְּקִרְבָּ֣הּ

Lemma: b/7130
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7130
Occurrences: 150

לֵאמֹ֑ר

Lemma: l/559
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 936

אַחֲרֵ֤י

Lemma: 310 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H310
Occurrences: 539

בְלֹתִי֙

Lemma: 1086
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal infinitive construct + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1086
Occurrences: 14

הָֽיְתָה

Lemma: 1961
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1660

לִּ֣י

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

עֶדְנָ֔ה

Lemma: 5730 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5730
Occurrences: 2

וַֽאדֹנִ֖י

Lemma: c/113
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H113
Occurrences: 7

זָקֵֽן

Lemma: 2204
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2204
Occurrences: 26

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐγέλασε δὲ Σάῤῥα ἐν ἑαυτῇ λέγουσα, οὔπω μέν μοι γέγονεν ἕως τοῦ νῦν· ὁ δὲ κύριός μου πρεσβύτερος.

18 word entries

Ἐγέλασε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἐγέλασε
Transliteration: egelase
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἐγέλασε
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

Σάῤῥα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σάῤῥα
Transliteration: saa
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 22

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

ἑαυτῇ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἑαυτῇ
Transliteration: eayt
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

λέγουσα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: λέγουσα
Transliteration: legoysa
Morphology: present active participle, nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: doing/being ...
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 37

οὔπω

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: οὔπω
Transliteration: oypo
Morphology: 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
Gloss: I ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

μέν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μέν
Transliteration: men
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 179

μοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

γέγονεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: γέγονεν
Transliteration: gegonen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 26

ἕως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἕως
Transliteration: heos
Morphology: preposition/conjunction
Gloss: until, as far as
Part of Speech: preposition/conjunction
Definition: Temporal or spatial marker.
Occurrences: 1413

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

νῦν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: νῦν
Transliteration: nyn
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: now
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Now, at the present time.
Occurrences: 614

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

κύριός

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

πρεσβύτερος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πρεσβύτερος
Transliteration: presbyteros
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 153

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וְחַיְכַת שָׂרָה בִּמְעָהַהּ לְמֵימָר בָּתַר דְּסֵיבִית הֲוַת לִי עוּלֵימוּ וְרִבּוֹנִי סִיב

11 word entries

וְחַיְכַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חיכת
Transliteration: wchykt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

שָׂרָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שרה
Transliteration: shrh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 42

בִּמְעָהַהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מעהה
Transliteration: bm'hh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

לְמֵימָר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: lmymr
Morphology: prefixed preposition ל + speech root/form
Gloss: to/for to say, saying
Occurrences: 1144

בָּתַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בתר
Transliteration: btr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 149

דְּסֵיבִית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סיבית
Transliteration: dsybyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

הֲוַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הות
Transliteration: hwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 40

לִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לי
Transliteration: ly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 166

עוּלֵימוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עולימו
Transliteration: 'wlymw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

וְרִבּוֹנִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רבוני
Transliteration: wrbwny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 61

סִיב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סיב
Transliteration: syb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܓܚ̣ܟܬ ܣܪܐ ܒܠܒܗ̇ ܘܐܡ̣ܪܬ. ܒܬܪ ܕܒ̇ܠܝܬ ܗܘܝܐ ܠܝ ܥܠܝܡܘܬܐ. ܘܡܪܝ ܣܐܒ.

11 word entries

ܘܓܚ̣ܟܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WGX#KT
Morphology: W-GXK[T==
Occurrences: 0

ܣܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: SR>
Morphology: SR>/
Occurrences: 0

ܒܠܒܗ̇

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: BLBH^
Morphology: B-LB/-H=
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܡ̣ܪܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>M#RT
Morphology: W->MR[T==
Occurrences: 0

ܒܬܪ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: BTR
Morphology: BTR
Occurrences: 0

ܕܒ̇ܠܝܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DB^LJT
Morphology: D-BLJ[T
Occurrences: 0

ܗܘܝܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: HWJ>
Morphology: HWJ[/>
Occurrences: 0

ܠܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LJ
Morphology: L-J
Occurrences: 0

ܥܠܝܡܘܬܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <LJMWT>
Morphology: <LJMW/T~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܡܪܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WMRJ
Morphology: W-MR(>/-J
Occurrences: 0

ܣܐܒ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: S>B
Morphology: S>B[
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Quæ risit occulte dicens: Postquam consenui, et dominus meus vetulus est, voluptati operam dabo?

14 word entries

quae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

risit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rideo
Transliteration: risit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 19

occulte

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: occulte
Transliteration: occulte
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 10

dicens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dicens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

postquam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: postquam
Transliteration: postquam
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 174

consenui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: consenesco
Transliteration: consenui
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 2

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

dominus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: dominus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

meus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: meus
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

vetulus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uetulus
Transliteration: vetulus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 1

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

voluptati

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uoluptas
Transliteration: voluptati
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 22

operam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: opera
Transliteration: operam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 20

dabo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: do
Transliteration: dabo
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 2116

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Genesis 18

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Ranked cross references

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