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JPS Tanakh 1917

Daniel 3

JPS Tanakh 1917, Verse 22

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²² Therefore because the king's commandment was peremptory, and the furnace exceeding hot, the flame of the fire slew those men that took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Daniel 3:22. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 4

Word Entries 77

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

ἐπεὶ τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦ βασιλέως ὑπερίσχυε· καὶ ἡ κάμινος ἐξεκαύθη ἐκ περισσοῦ.

12 word entries

ἐπεὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἐπεὶ
Transliteration: epei
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἐπεὶ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 28

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ῥῆμα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ῥῆμα
Transliteration: rhema
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: word, saying, matter
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Spoken word, saying, or matter.
Occurrences: 403

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

βασιλέως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: βασιλεύς
Transliteration: basileus
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: king
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: King or ruler.
Occurrences: 3067

ὑπερίσχυε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ὑπερίσχυε
Transliteration: yperischye
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἡ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

κάμινος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κάμινος
Transliteration: kaminos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ἐξεκαύθη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξεκαύθη
Transliteration: exekaythe
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

ἐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκ
Transliteration: ek
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, out of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences: 3500

περισσοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: περισσοῦ
Transliteration: perissoy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Biblical Aramaic Passages Aramaic · Biblical Aramaic · Public Domain WLC text; CC BY 4.0 OSHB lemma/morphology

Source

Coverage: Canonical Aramaic passages in Genesis, Jeremiah, Ezra, and Daniel

Original Aramaic passages embedded in the Hebrew Bible, not a full Targum.

כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֗ה מִן־דִּ֞י מִלַּ֤ת מַלְכָּא֙ מַחְצְפָ֔ה וְאַתּוּנָ֖א אֵזֵ֣ה יַתִּ֑ירָא גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֗ךְ דִּ֤י הַסִּ֙קוּ֙ לְשַׁדְרַ֤ךְ מֵישַׁךְ֙ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ קַטִּ֣ל הִמּ֔וֹן שְׁבִיבָ֖א דִּ֥י נוּרָֽא׃

24 word entries

כָּל

Lemma: k/3606
Morphology: Aramaic: conjunction + conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3606
Occurrences: 22

קֳבֵ֣ל

Lemma: 6903
Morphology: Aramaic: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6903
Occurrences: 22

דְּנָ֗ה

Lemma: 1836
Morphology: Aramaic: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1836
Occurrences: 53

מִן

Lemma: 4481
Morphology: Aramaic: conjunction
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4481
Occurrences: 94

דִּ֞י

Lemma: 1768
Morphology: Aramaic: conjunction
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H1768
Occurrences: 332

מִלַּ֤ת

Lemma: 4406
Morphology: Aramaic: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4406
Occurrences: 19

מַלְכָּא֙

Lemma: 4430
Morphology: Aramaic: noun common masculine singular determined + particle definite article
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4430
Occurrences: 156

מַחְצְפָ֔ה

Lemma: 2685
Morphology: Aramaic: verb aphel participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2685
Occurrences: 2

וְאַתּוּנָ֖א

Lemma: c/861
Morphology: Aramaic: conjunction + noun common masculine singular determined + particle definite article
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H861
Occurrences: 1

אֵזֵ֣ה

Lemma: 228
Morphology: Aramaic: verb peal participle passive
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H228
Occurrences: 1

יַתִּ֑ירָא

Lemma: 3493
Morphology: Aramaic: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H3493
Occurrences: 8

גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א

Lemma: 1400
Morphology: Aramaic: noun common masculine plural determined + particle definite article
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1400
Occurrences: 17

אִלֵּ֗ךְ

Lemma: 479
Morphology: Aramaic: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H479
Occurrences: 14

דִּ֤י

Lemma: 1768
Morphology: Aramaic: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H1768
Occurrences: 332

הַסִּ֨קוּ֙

Lemma: 5267
Morphology: Aramaic: verb haphel perfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5267
Occurrences: 1

לְשַׁדְרַ֤ךְ

Lemma: l/7715
Morphology: Aramaic: particle direct object marker + noun proper
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H7715
Occurrences: 5

מֵישַׁךְ֙

Lemma: 4336
Morphology: Aramaic: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4336
Occurrences: 14

וַעֲבֵ֣ד

Lemma: c/5665+
Morphology: Aramaic: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5665
Occurrences: 14

נְג֔וֹ

Lemma: 5665
Morphology: Aramaic: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5665
Occurrences: 14

קַטִּ֣ל

Lemma: 6992
Morphology: Aramaic: verb pael perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6992
Occurrences: 5

הִמּ֔וֹן

Lemma: 1994
Morphology: Aramaic: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H1994
Occurrences: 12

שְׁבִיבָ֖א

Lemma: 7631
Morphology: Aramaic: noun common masculine singular determined + particle definite article
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7631
Occurrences: 2

דִּ֥י

Lemma: 1768
Morphology: Aramaic: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H1768
Occurrences: 332

נוּרָֽא

Lemma: 5135
Morphology: Aramaic: noun common both gender singular determined + particle definite article
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5135
Occurrences: 17

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܛܠ ܕܡܠܬ ܡ̇ܠܟܐ ܣܪܗܒܬ ܘܐܬܘܢܐ ܫܓܝܪ ܗܘܐ ܝܬܝܪܐܝܬ ܘܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܗ̇ܢܘܢ ܕܐܟܠܘ ܩܪ̈ܨܝܗܘܢ ܕܫܕܪܟ ܡܝܫܟ ܘܥܒܕܢ̇ܓܘ ܩܛܠܬ ܐܢܘܢ ܫܠܗܒܝܬܐ ܕܢܘܪܐ ܝܩܕܬܐ

20 word entries

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MVL
Morphology: MVL
Occurrences: 0

ܕܡܠܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DMLT
Morphology: D-ML(>/T
Occurrences: 0

ܡ̇ܠܟܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: M^LK>
Morphology: MLK/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܣܪܗܒܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: SRHBT
Morphology: ]S]RHB[T==
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܬܘܢܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>TWN>
Morphology: W->TWN/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܫܓܝܪ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: CGJR
Morphology: CG&JR[/:p
Occurrences: 0

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: HW>
Morphology: HW(J&>[
Occurrences: 0

ܝܬܝܪܐܝܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: JTJR>JT
Morphology: JTJR>JT
Occurrences: 0

ܘܓܒܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WGBR">
Morphology: W-GBR/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܗ̇ܢܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: H^NWN
Morphology: HNWN=
Occurrences: 0

ܕܐܟܠܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D>KLW
Morphology: D->KL[W
Occurrences: 0

ܩܪ̈ܨܝܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: QR"YJHWN
Morphology: QRY/J-HWN
Occurrences: 0

ܕܫܕܪܟ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DCDRK
Morphology: D-CDRK/
Occurrences: 0

ܡܝܫܟ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MJCK
Morphology: MJCK/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܥܒܕܢ̇ܓܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W<BDN^GW
Morphology: W-<BDNGW/
Occurrences: 0

ܩܛܠܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: QVLT
Morphology: QVL[T==:d
Occurrences: 0

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >NWN
Morphology: >NWN
Occurrences: 0

ܫܠܗܒܝܬܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: CLHBJT>
Morphology: CLHBJ/T~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܢܘܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DNWR>
Morphology: D-NWR/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܝܩܕܬܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: JQDT>
Morphology: JQD(>/T~>
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

nam jussio regis urgebat. Fornax autem succensa erat nimis: porro viros illos, qui miserant Sidrach, Misach, et Abdenago, interfecit flamma ignis.

21 word entries

nam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nam
Transliteration: nam
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 211

iussio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iussio
Transliteration: iussio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 6

regis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rex
Transliteration: regis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2981

urguebat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: urgeo
Transliteration: urguebat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 8

fornax

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fornax
Transliteration: fornax
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 22

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

succensa

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: succendo
Transliteration: succensa
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 118

erat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

nimis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nimis
Transliteration: nimis
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 144

porro

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: porro
Transliteration: porro
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 279

viros

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uir
Transliteration: viros
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1641

illos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ille
Transliteration: illos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4947

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

miserant

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mitto
Transliteration: miserant
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1165

Sedrac

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sedrac
Transliteration: Sedrac
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 7

Misac

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Misac
Transliteration: Misac
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 8

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Abdenago

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Abdenagus
Transliteration: Abdenago
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 6

interfecit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: interficio
Transliteration: interfecit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 407

flamma

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: flamma
Transliteration: flamma
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 59

ignis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ignis
Transliteration: ignis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 540

Source availability notes

These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.

Targum Aramaic not in current source set
No license-clean Targum panel is currently mapped for this book in the imported public-domain source set.

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Proverbs 11:8

The righteous is delivered out of trouble, and the wicked cometh in his stead.

4 relevance votes

Proverbs 21:18

The wicked is a ransom for the righteous; and the faithless cometh in the stead of the upright.

4 relevance votes

Exodus 12:33

And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, to send them out of the land in haste; for they said: 'We are all dead men.'

3 relevance votes

Daniel 6:24

(6-25) And the king commanded, and they brought those men that had accused Daniel, and they cast them into the den of lions, them, their children, and their wives; and they had not come to the bottom of the den, when the lions had the mastery of them, and broke all their bones in pieces.

3 relevance votes

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Daniel 3

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Proverbs 11:8

Proverbs 21:18

Exodus 12:33

Daniel 6:24

Acts 12:19

Matthew 27:5

Daniel 2:15

Daniel 1:7