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Geneva Bible

Proverbs 27

Geneva Bible, Verse 4

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⁴ Anger is cruell, and wrath is raging: but who can stand before enuie?

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 27:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 49

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אַכְזְרִיּ֣וּת חֵ֭מָה וְשֶׁ֣טֶף אָ֑ף וּמִ֥י יַ֝עֲמֹד לִפְנֵ֥י קִנְאָֽה׃

8 word entries

אַכְזְרִיּ֣וּת

Lemma: 395
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H395
Occurrences: 1

חֵ֭מָה

Lemma: 2534
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2534
Occurrences: 81

וְשֶׁ֣טֶף

Lemma: c/7858
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7858
Occurrences: 1

אָ֑ף

Lemma: 639
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H639
Occurrences: 204

וּמִ֥י

Lemma: c/4310
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H4310
Occurrences: 65

יַ֝עֲמֹד

Lemma: 5975
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5975
Occurrences: 265

לִפְנֵ֥י

Lemma: l/6440
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 1012

קִנְאָֽה

Lemma: 7068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7068
Occurrences: 31

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἀνελεήμων θυμὸς καὶ ὀξεῖα ὀργὴ, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲν ὑφίσταται ζῆλος.

9 word entries

Ἀνελεήμων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀνελεήμων
Transliteration: aneleemon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

θυμὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θυμός
Transliteration: thymos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: anger, wrath
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Anger, wrath, passion, or strong feeling.
Occurrences: 227

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ὀξεῖα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ὀξεῖα
Transliteration: oxeia
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ὀργὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὀργή
Transliteration: orge
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: wrath, anger
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Wrath, anger, or indignation.
Occurrences: 216

ἀλλʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀλλά
Transliteration: all
Morphology: adversative conjunction, elided form
Gloss: but, rather
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Adversative conjunction.
Occurrences: 489

οὐδὲν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐδείς
Transliteration: ouden
Morphology: pronoun/adjective, nominative/accusative neuter singular
Gloss: nothing, no one
Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective
Definition: No one, none, nothing.
Occurrences: 120

ὑφίσταται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὑφίσταται
Transliteration: yphistatai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ζῆλος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ζῆλος
Transliteration: zelos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 15

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܪܚܘܬܐ ܗܝ ܚܡܬܐ ܘܚܐܦܐ ܪܘܓܙܐ ܘܡܢܘ ܢܩܘܡ ܩܕܡ ܛܢܢܐ

9 word entries

ܡܪܚܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܪܚܘܬܐ
Transliteration: mrhwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 3

ܗܝ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܝ
Transliteration: hi
Morphology: pronoun/copula, feminine singular
Gloss: she, it, is
Occurrences: 578

ܚܡܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܡܬܐ
Transliteration: hmt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 43

ܘܚܐܦܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܚܐܦܐ
Transliteration: wh'p'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܪܘܓܙܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܘܓܙܐ
Transliteration: rwgz'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 47

ܘܡܢܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܢܘ
Transliteration: wmnw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 39

ܢܩܘܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܩܘܡ
Transliteration: nqwm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 39

ܩܕܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܕܡ
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1019

ܛܢܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܢܢܐ
Transliteration: tnn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 12

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

נִכְזְרִיוּתָא הִיא חֵימְתָא וְחֵיפָא הִיא רוּגְזָא וּמַנוּ קָאֵם קֳדָם קִנְאֲתָא׃

10 word entries

נִכְזְרִיוּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נכזריותא
Transliteration: nkzrywt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

הִיא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: היא
Transliteration: hy'
Morphology: personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: she, it
Occurrences: 241

חֵימְתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חימתא
Transliteration: chymt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 4

וְחֵיפָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חיפא
Transliteration: wchyp'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

הִיא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: היא
Transliteration: hy'
Morphology: personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: she, it
Occurrences: 241

רוּגְזָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רוגזא
Transliteration: rwgz'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 81

וּמַנוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מנו
Transliteration: wmnw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 20

קָאֵם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קאם
Transliteration: q'm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 14

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

קִנְאֲתָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קנאתא
Transliteration: qn't'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 10

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Ira non habet misericordiam nec erumpens furor, et impetum concitati ferre quis poterit?

13 word entries

ira

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ira
Transliteration: ira
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 265

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

habet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: habeo
Transliteration: habet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1641

misericordiam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: misericordia
Transliteration: misericordiam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 362

nec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nec
Transliteration: nec
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 750

erumpens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: erumpo
Transliteration: erumpens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 28

furor

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: furor
Transliteration: furor
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 233

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

impetum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: impetus
Transliteration: impetum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 50

concitati

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: concitatus
Transliteration: concitati
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1

ferre

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fero
Transliteration: ferre
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 392

quis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quis
Transliteration: quis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1619

poterit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: possum
Transliteration: poterit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 881

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Proverbs 6:34

For ielousie is the rage of a man: therefore he will not spare in the day of vengeance.

7 relevance votes

Proverbs 14:30

A sounde heart is the life of the flesh: but enuie is the rotting of the bones.

6 relevance votes

Job 5:2

Doubtlesse anger killeth the foolish, and enuie slayeth the idiote.

4 relevance votes

1 John 3:12

Not as Cain which was of that wicked one, and slewe his brother: and wherefore slewe he him? because his owne workes were euill, and his brothers good.

3 relevance votes

Acts 7:9

And the Patriarkes moued with enuie, solde Ioseph into Egypt: but God was with him,

3 relevance votes

Matthew 27:18

(For he knewe well, that for enuie they had deliuered him.

3 relevance votes

Song of Solomon 8:6

Set mee as a seale on thine heart, and as a signet vpon thine arme: for loue is strong as death: ielousie is cruel as the graue: the coles thereof are fierie coles, and a vehement flame.

2 relevance votes

Genesis 37:11

And his brethren enuied him, but his father noted the saying.

2 relevance votes

Acts 17:5

But the Iewes which beleeued not, mooued with enuie, tooke vnto them certaine vagabonds and wicked fellowes, and whe they had assembled the multitude, they made a tumult in the citie, and made assault against the house of Iason, and sought to bring them out to the people.

2 relevance votes

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Proverbs 27

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Proverbs 6:34

Proverbs 14:30

Job 5:2

1 John 3:12

Acts 7:9

Matthew 27:18

Song of Solomon 8:6

Genesis 37:11

Acts 17:5

Genesis 26:14

Romans 1:29

Acts 5:17