9 Be wretched, and mourn, and weep: let your laughter be turned to mourning, and [your] joy to heaviness.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to James 4:9. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
53
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ταλαιπωρήσατε καὶ πενθήσατε καὶ κλαύσατε· ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μεταστραφήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν.
16 word entries
Ταλαιπωρήσατε
- Lemma
- talaipwrhsate
- Transliteration
- talaipwrhsate
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist active imperative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G5003
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
πενθήσατε
καὶ
κλαύσατε
ὁ
γέλως
ὑμῶν
εἰς
πένθος
μεταστραφήτω
- Lemma
- metastrafhtw
- Transliteration
- metastrafhtw
- Morphology
- Greek: verb second aorist passive imperative singular
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G3344
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
ἡ
χαρὰ
εἰς
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ταλαιπωρήσατε καὶ πενθήσατε, κλαύσατε· ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν.
15 word entries
ταλαιπωρήσατε
- Lemma
- ταλαιπωρέω
- Morphology
- V-AAM-2P
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G5003
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
ὁ
μετατραπήτω
- Lemma
- μεταστρέφω
- Morphology
- V-2APM-3S
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G3344
- Occurrences
- 3
καὶ
ἡ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܬܡܟܟܘ ܘܐܬܐܒܠܘ ܘܓܘܚܟܟܘܢ ܠܐܒܠܐ ܢܬܗܦܟ ܘܚܕܘܬܟܘܢ ܠܥܩܬܐ
7 word entries
ܐܬܡܟܟܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܬܡܟܟܘ
- Transliteration
- 'tmkkw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܐܬܐܒܠܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܬܐܒܠܘ
- Transliteration
- w't'blw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܓܘܚܟܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܓܘܚܟܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- wgwhkkwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܐܒܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܒܠܐ
- Transliteration
- l'bl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܢܬܗܦܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܬܗܦܟ
- Transliteration
- nthpk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 4
ܘܚܕܘܬܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܕܘܬܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- whdwtkwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܥܩܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܥܩܬܐ
- Transliteration
- l'qt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Miseri estote, et lugete, et plorate: risus vester in luctum convertatur, et gaudium in mœrorem.
15 word entries
miseri
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- miser
- Transliteration
- miseri
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 28
estote
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- estote
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
lugete
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lugeo
- Transliteration
- lugete
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 45
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
plorate
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ploro
- Transliteration
- plorate
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 46
risus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- risus
- Transliteration
- risus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 15
vester
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uester
- Transliteration
- vester
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1504
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
luctum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- luctus
- Transliteration
- luctum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 44
convertatur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- conuerto
- Transliteration
- convertatur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 343
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
gaudium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gaudium
- Transliteration
- gaudium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 142
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
maerorem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- maeror
- Transliteration
- maerorem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 13
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Matthew 5:4
Blessed they that mourn, for they shall be comforted.
19 relevance votesLuke 6:25
Woe to you that are filled, for ye shall hunger. Woe to you who laugh now, for ye shall mourn and weep.
13 relevance votesProverbs 14:13
Even in laughter the heart is sorrowful, and the end of mirth is sadness.
12 relevance votesPsalms 119:67
Before I was afflicted I went astray, but now I keep thy *word.
8 relevance votesEzekiel 16:63
that thou mayest remember, and be ashamed, and no more open thy mouth because of thy confusion, when I forgive thee all that thou hast done, saith the Lord Jehovah.
7 relevance votesEzekiel 7:16
And they that escape of them shall escape, and shall be on the mountains like doves of the valleys, all of them moaning, every one for his iniquity.
5 relevance votesLamentations 5:15
The joy of our heart hath ceased; our dance is turned into mourning.
4 relevance votesLuke 16:25
But Abraham said, Child, recollect that thou hast fully received thy good things in thy lifetime, and likewise Lazarus evil things. But now he is comforted here, and thou art in suffering.
4 relevance votesJob 30:31
My harp also is [turned] to mourning, and my pipe into the voice of weepers.
4 relevance votesJeremiah 31:13
Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, and the young men and old together; for I will turn their mourning into gladness, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice after their sorrow.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 31:9
They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead them; I will cause them to walk by water-brooks, in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble; for I will be a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn.
3 relevance votesLuke 6:21
Blessed ye that hunger now, for ye shall be filled. Blessed ye that weep now, for ye shall laugh.
3 relevance votes