1 Sorrow to her who is uncontrolled and unclean, the cruel town!
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Zephaniah 3:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
29
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
ה֥וֹי מֹרְאָ֖ה וְנִגְאָלָ֑ה הָעִ֖יר הַיּוֹנָֽה׃
5 word entries
מֹרְאָ֖ה
וְנִגְאָלָ֑ה
הָעִ֖יר
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ὢ ἡ ἐπιφανὴς καὶ ἀπολελυτρωμένη πόλις,
6 word entries
Ὢ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ὢ
- Transliteration
- o
- Morphology
- 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
- Gloss
- I ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
ἡ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἐπιφανὴς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐπιφανὴς
- Transliteration
- epiphanes
- Morphology
- genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἀπολελυτρωμένη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀπολελυτρωμένη
- Transliteration
- apolelytromene
- Morphology
- nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
πόλις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πόλις
- Transliteration
- polis
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- city
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- City or town.
- Occurrences
- 1387
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܘܝ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܝܕܝܥܬܐ ܘܦܪܝܩܬܐ ܡܕܝܢܬܗ ܕܝܘܢܢ
6 word entries
ܐܘܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܘܝ
- Transliteration
- 'wy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܡܕܝܢܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܕܝܢܬܐ
- Transliteration
- mdynt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 206
ܝܕܝܥܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܕܝܥܬܐ
- Transliteration
- ydy't'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 6
ܘܦܪܝܩܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܦܪܝܩܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wpryqt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܕܝܢܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܕܝܢܬܗ
- Transliteration
- mdynth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 23
ܕܝܘܢܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܘܢܢ
- Transliteration
- dywnn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וַי דְמוֹחֲיָא וּמִתְפָּרְקָא קַרְתָּא דִמְסַגְיָא לְאַרְגָזָא׃
6 word entries
וַי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וי
- Transliteration
- wy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 85
דְמוֹחֲיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מוחיא
- Transliteration
- dmwchy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
וּמִתְפָּרְקָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מתפרקא
- Transliteration
- wmtprq'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 2
קַרְתָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קרתא
- Transliteration
- qrt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 512
דִמְסַגְיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מסגיא
- Transliteration
- dmsgy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
לְאַרְגָזָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארגזא
- Transliteration
- l'rgz'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 25
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
[Væ provocatrix, et redempta civitas, columba !
6 word entries
vae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uae
- Transliteration
- vae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: other
- Occurrences
- 129
provocatrix
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- prouocatrix
- Transliteration
- provocatrix
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
redempta
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- redimo
- Transliteration
- redempta
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 100
civitas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ciuitas
- Transliteration
- civitas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1108
columba
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- columba
- Transliteration
- columba
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 43
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Jeremiah 6:6
For this is what the Lord of armies has said: Let trees be cut down and an earthwork be placed against Jerusalem: sorrow on the false town! inside her there is nothing but cruel ways.
8 relevance votesIsaiah 59:13
We have gone against the Lord, and been false to him, turning away from our God, our words have been uncontrolled, and in our hearts are thoughts of deceit.
5 relevance votesIsaiah 30:12
For this cause the Holy One of Israel says, Because you will not give ear to this word, and are looking for help in ways of deceit and evil, and are putting your hope in them:
5 relevance votesZechariah 7:10
Do not be hard on the widow, or the child without a father, on the man from a strange country, or on the poor; let there be no evil thought in your heart against your brother.
4 relevance votesEzekiel 22:7
In you they have had no respect for father and mother; in you they have been cruel to the man from a strange land; in you they have done wrong to the child without a father and to the widow.
4 relevance votesMalachi 3:5
And I will come near to you for judging; I will quickly be a witness against the wonder-workers, against those who have been untrue in married life, against those who take false oaths; against those who keep back from the servant his payment, and who are hard on the widow and the child without a father, who do not give his rights to the man from a strange country, and have no fear of me, says the Lord of armies.
4 relevance votesLeviticus 1:16
And he is to take away its stomach, with its feathers, and put it down by the east side of the altar, where the burned waste is put:
3 relevance votesIsaiah 5:7
For the vine-garden of the Lord of armies is the people of Israel, and the men of Judah are the plant of his delight: and he was looking for upright judging, and there was blood; for righteousness, and there was a cry for help.
3 relevance votesMicah 2:2
They have a desire for fields and take them by force; and for houses and take them away: they are cruel to a man and his family, even to a man and his heritage.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 22:17
But your eyes and your heart are fixed only on profit for yourself, on causing the death of him who has done no wrong, and on violent and cruel acts.
3 relevance votesAmos 4:1
Give ear to this word, you cows of Bashan, who are in the hill of Samaria, by whom the poor are kept down, and those in need are crushed; who say to their lords, Get out the wine and give us drink.
2 relevance votesEzekiel 22:29
The people of the land have been acting cruelly, taking men's goods by force; they have been hard on the poor and those in need, and have done wrong to the man from a strange land.
2 relevance votes