3 For in the past we were foolish, hard in heart, turned from the true way, servants of evil desires and pleasures, living in bad feeling and envy, hated and hating one another.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Titus 3:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
90
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀνόητοι, ἀπειθεῖς, πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις, ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες, στυγητοί, μισοῦντες ἀλλήλους.
21 word entries
Ἦμεν
γάρ
ποτε
καὶ
ἡμεῖς
ἀνόητοι
ἀπειθεῖς
πλανώμενοι
- Lemma
- planwmenoi
- Transliteration
- planwmenoi
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present passive participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4105
- Occurrences
- 3
δουλεύοντες
- Lemma
- douleuontev
- Transliteration
- douleuontev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1398
- Occurrences
- 3
ἐπιθυμίαις
- Lemma
- epiqumiaiv
- Transliteration
- epiqumiaiv
- Morphology
- Greek: noun dative plural feminine
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G1939
- Occurrences
- 10
καὶ
ἡδοναῖς
ποικίλαις
ἐν
κακίᾳ
καὶ
φθόνῳ
διάγοντες
στυγητοί
μισοῦντες
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀνόητοι, ἀπειθεῖς, πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις, ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες, στυγητοί, μισοῦντες ἀλλήλους.
21 word entries
ἦμεν
καὶ
καὶ
ἐν
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܦ ܚܢܢ ܓܝܪ ܡܢ ܩܕܝܡ ܕܠܐ ܪܥܝܢܐ ܗܘܝܢ ܘܕܠܐ ܦܝܣܐ ܘܛܥܝܢ ܗܘܝܢ ܘܡܫܥܒܕܝܢ ܗܘܝܢ ܠܐܪܓܝܓܬܐ ܡܫܚܠܦܬܐ ܘܒܒܝܫܘܬܐ ܘܒܚܣܡܐ ܡܬܗܦܟܝܢ ܗܘܝܢ ܘܣܢܝܐܝܢ ܗܘܝܢ ܐܦ ܚܕ ܠܚܕ ܣܢܝܢ ܗܘܝܢ
27 word entries
ܐܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܦ
- Transliteration
- 'p
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 544
ܚܢܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܢܢ
- Transliteration
- hnn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 184
ܓܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܝܪ
- Transliteration
- gyr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1085
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܩܕܝܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܕܝܡ
- Transliteration
- qdym
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 45
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܪܥܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܥܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- r'yn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 27
ܗܘܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hwyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 85
ܘܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wdl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 37
ܦܝܣܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܝܣܐ
- Transliteration
- pys'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܛܥܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܛܥܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wt'yn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܗܘܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hwyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 85
ܘܡܫܥܒܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܫܥܒܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wmsh'bdyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܗܘܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hwyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 85
ܠܐܪܓܝܓܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܪܓܝܓܬܐ
- Transliteration
- l'rgygt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܫܚܠܦܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܫܚܠܦܬܐ
- Transliteration
- mshhlpt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܒܒܝܫܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܒܝܫܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wbbyshwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܒܚܣܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܚܣܡܐ
- Transliteration
- wbhsm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܬܗܦܟܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܬܗܦܟܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mthpkyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 8
ܗܘܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hwyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 85
ܘܣܢܝܐܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܣܢܝܐܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wsny'yn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܗܘܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hwyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 85
ܐܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܦ
- Transliteration
- 'p
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 544
ܚܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܕ
- Transliteration
- hd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 412
ܠܚܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܚܕ
- Transliteration
- lhd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 70
ܣܢܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܢܝܢ
- Transliteration
- snyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 4
ܗܘܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hwyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 85
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Eramus enim aliquando et nos insipientes, increduli, errantes, servientes desideriis, et voluptatibus variis, in malitia et invidia agentes, odibiles, odientes invicem.
21 word entries
eramus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- eramus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
enim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- enim
- Transliteration
- enim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2392
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
nos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nos
- Transliteration
- nos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1585
aliquando
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aliquando
- Transliteration
- aliquando
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 47
insipientes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- insipiens
- Transliteration
- insipientes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 53
increduli
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- incredulus
- Transliteration
- increduli
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 20
errantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- erro
- Transliteration
- errantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 73
servientes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- seruio
- Transliteration
- servientes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 283
desideriis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- desiderium
- Transliteration
- desideriis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 60
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
voluptatibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uoluptas
- Transliteration
- voluptatibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 22
variis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uarius
- Transliteration
- variis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 48
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
malitia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- malitia
- Transliteration
- malitia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 113
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
invidia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuidia
- Transliteration
- invidia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 23
agentes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ago
- Transliteration
- agentes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 366
odibiles
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- odibilis
- Transliteration
- odibiles
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 11
odientes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- odi
- Transliteration
- odientes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 150
invicem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuicem
- Transliteration
- invicem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 118
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Colossians 1:21
And you, who in the past were cut off and at war with God in your minds through evil works, he has now made one
20 relevance votesRomans 6:17
But praise be to God that though you were the servants of sin, you have now given yourselves freely to that form of teaching under which you were placed;
19 relevance votesColossians 3:7
Among whom you were living in the past, when you did such things.
17 relevance votesRomans 6:22
But now, being free from sin, and having been made servants to God, you have your fruit in that which is holy, and the end is eternal life.
11 relevance votes1 Peter 1:14
Like children ruled by God, do not go back to the old desires of the time when you were without knowledge:
11 relevance votesProverbs 9:6
Give up the simple ones and have life, and go in the way of knowledge.
7 relevance votesLuke 21:8
And he said, Take care that you are not tricked: for a number of people will come in my name, saying, I am he; and, The time is near: do not go after them.
5 relevance votes2 Corinthians 12:20
For I have a fear that, when I come, you may not be answering to my desire, and that I may not be answering to yours; that there may be fighting, hate, angry feeling, divisions, evil talk about others, secrets, thoughts of pride, outbursts against authority;
5 relevance votesMatthew 21:29
And he said in answer, I will not: but later, changing his decision, he went.
5 relevance votesPsalms 36:2
For he takes comfort in the thought that his sin will not be uncovered and hated.
5 relevance votesJohn 8:34
And this was the answer Jesus gave them: Truly I say to you, Everyone who does evil is the servant of sin.
5 relevance votesGalatians 6:3
For if a man has an idea that he is something when he is nothing, he is tricked by himself.
4 relevance votes