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Bible in Basic English

Proverbs 18

Bible in Basic English, Verse 6

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⁶ A foolish man's lips are a cause of fighting, and his mouth makes him open to blows.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 18:6. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 48

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

שִׂפְתֵ֣י כְ֭סִיל יָבֹ֣אֽוּ בְרִ֑יב וּ֝פִ֗יו לְֽמַהֲלֻמ֥וֹת יִקְרָֽא׃

7 word entries

שִׂפְתֵ֣י

Lemma: 8193
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine dual construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8193
Occurrences: 144

כְ֭סִיל

Lemma: 3684
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H3684
Occurrences: 43

יָבֹ֣אֽוּ

Lemma: 935
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H935
Occurrences: 1266

בְרִ֑יב

Lemma: b/7379
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7379
Occurrences: 5

וּ֝פִ֗יו

Lemma: c/6310
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6310
Occurrences: 21

לְֽמַהֲלֻמ֥וֹת

Lemma: l/4112
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4112
Occurrences: 1

יִקְרָֽא

Lemma: 7121
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7121
Occurrences: 350

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Χείλη ἄφρονος ἄγουσιν αὐτὸν εἰς κακὰ, τὸ δὲ στόμα αὐτοῦ τὸ θρασὺ θάνατον ἐπικαλεῖται.

14 word entries

Χείλη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: χεῖλος
Transliteration: cheile
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative plural
Gloss: lips
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lip, edge, or shore.
Occurrences: 117

ἄφρονος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄφρονος
Transliteration: aphronos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

ἄγουσιν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄγουσιν
Transliteration: agoysin
Morphology: verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

αὐτὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

κακὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κακός
Transliteration: kaka
Morphology: adjective/substantive, nominative/accusative neuter plural
Gloss: evil things, bad things
Part of Speech: adjective/substantive
Definition: Bad, evil, harmful, or wicked.
Occurrences: 242

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

στόμα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: στόμα
Transliteration: stoma
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: mouth
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Mouth, opening, or speech.
Occurrences: 384

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

θρασὺ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: θρασὺ
Transliteration: thrasy
Morphology: rare LXX source token; morphology and lexical role require manual review
Gloss: rare source form
Part of Speech: adverb/adjectival form
Definition: Final low-confidence LXX tail classification for a rare Greek, elided, numeral, or transliterated source token. Exact lexical identity and morphology require manual review.
Occurrences: 2

θάνατον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θάνατος
Transliteration: thanatos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: death
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Death.
Occurrences: 301

ἐπικαλεῖται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπικαλεῖται
Transliteration: epikaleitai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܣ̈ܦܘܬܗ ܕܣܟܠܐ ܥܐ̈ܠܢ ܒܕܝܢܐ ܘܦܘܡܗ ܡܡܛܐ ܠܗ ܠܡܘܬܐ

8 word entries

ܣ̈ܦܘܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܦܘܬܗ
Transliteration: spwth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 22

ܕܣܟܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܣܟܠܐ
Transliteration: dskl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 29

ܥܐ̈ܠܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܐܠܢ
Transliteration: ''ln
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܒܕܝܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܕܝܢܐ
Transliteration: bdyn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 48

ܘܦܘܡܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܦܘܡܗ
Transliteration: wpwmh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

ܡܡܛܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܡܛܐ
Transliteration: mmt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 1

ܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗ
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2252

ܠܡܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܘܬܐ
Transliteration: lmwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 28

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

סִפְוָתֵיהּ דְסִכְלָא מַיְתָן לֵיהּ לְדִינָא וּפוּמֵיהּ מַסְטֵי לֵיהּ לְחַרְתָּא׃

9 word entries

סִפְוָתֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ספותיה
Transliteration: spwtyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 8

דְסִכְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סכלא
Transliteration: dskl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 38

מַיְתָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתן
Transliteration: mytn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 67

לֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ליה
Transliteration: lyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1154

לְדִינָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דינא
Transliteration: ldyn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 66

וּפוּמֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פומיה
Transliteration: wpwmyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 77

מַסְטֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סטי
Transliteration: msty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 10

לֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ליה
Transliteration: lyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1154

לְחַרְתָּא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חרתא
Transliteration: lchrt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

[Labia stulti miscent se rixis, et os ejus jurgia provocat.

10 word entries

labia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: labium
Transliteration: labia
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 109

stulti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: stultus
Transliteration: stulti
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 129

inmiscunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: immisceo
Transliteration: inmiscunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 2

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sui
Transliteration: se
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1317

rixis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rixa
Transliteration: rixis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 14

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: os
Transliteration: os
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 657

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

iurgia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iurgium
Transliteration: iurgia
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 16

provocat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: prouoco
Transliteration: provocat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 63

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Proverbs 18

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