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Bible in Basic English

Proverbs 13

Bible in Basic English, Verse 19

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¹⁹ To get one's desire is sweet to the soul, but to give up evil is disgusting to the foolish.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 13:19. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 48

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

תַּאֲוָ֣ה נִ֭הְיָה תֶּעֱרַ֣ב לְנָ֑פֶשׁ וְתוֹעֲבַ֥ת כְּ֝סִילִ֗ים ס֣וּר מֵרָֽע׃

8 word entries

תַּאֲוָ֣ה

Lemma: 8378
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8378
Occurrences: 17

נִ֭הְיָה

Lemma: 1961
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1660

תֶּעֱרַ֣ב

Lemma: 6149
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6149
Occurrences: 5

לְנָ֑פֶשׁ

Lemma: l/5315
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5315
Occurrences: 40

וְתוֹעֲבַ֥ת

Lemma: c/8441
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8441
Occurrences: 11

כְּ֝סִילִ֗ים

Lemma: 3684
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H3684
Occurrences: 43

ס֣וּר

Lemma: 5493
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5493
Occurrences: 191

מֵרָֽע

Lemma: m/7451 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adjective
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7451
Occurrences: 6

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐπιθυμίαι εὐσεβῶν ἡδύνουσι ψυχὴν, ἔργα δὲ ἀσεβῶν μακρὰν ἀπὸ γνώσεως.

10 word entries

Ἐπιθυμίαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπιθυμίαι
Transliteration: epithymiai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

εὐσεβῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: εὐσεβῶν
Transliteration: eysebon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

ἡδύνουσι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἡδύνουσι
Transliteration: edynoysi
Morphology: verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ψυχὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ψυχή
Transliteration: psyche
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: soul, life
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Soul, life, self, or living being.
Occurrences: 809

ἔργα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔργον
Transliteration: ergon
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: work, deed
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Work, deed, action, or task.
Occurrences: 527

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ἀσεβῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀσεβής
Transliteration: asebon
Morphology: adjective/substantive, genitive plural
Gloss: of the ungodly
Part of Speech: adjective/substantive
Definition: Ungodly, impious, wicked.
Occurrences: 143

μακρὰν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μακράν
Transliteration: makran
Morphology: adverbial accusative feminine singular
Gloss: far away
Part of Speech: adverb/adjective
Definition: Far, distant, or at a distance.
Occurrences: 69

ἀπὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀπό
Transliteration: apo
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, away from
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences: 3869

γνώσεως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: γνώσεως
Transliteration: gnoseos
Morphology: adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
Gloss: ...ly / having ...
Part of Speech: adverb/participle form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܪܓܬܐ ܝܐܝܬܐ ܬܒܣܡ ܢܦܫܐ ܘܛܡܐܘܬܐ ܕܥܘ̈ܠܐ ܦܪܝܩܐ ܗܝ ܡܢ ܝܕܥܬܐ

10 word entries

ܪܓܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܓܬܐ
Transliteration: rgt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 20

ܝܐܝܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܐܝܬܐ
Transliteration: y'yt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 2

ܬܒܣܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܒܣܡ
Transliteration: tbsm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܢܦܫܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܢܦܫܐ
Transliteration: napsha
Morphology: noun, feminine emphatic singular
Gloss: soul, life
Occurrences: 61

ܘܛܡܐܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܛܡܐܘܬܐ
Transliteration: wtm'wt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܕܥܘ̈ܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܘܠܐ
Transliteration: d'wl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 116

ܦܪܝܩܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܪܝܩܐ
Transliteration: pryq'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 4

ܗܝ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܝ
Transliteration: hi
Morphology: pronoun/copula, feminine singular
Gloss: she, it, is
Occurrences: 578

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܝܕܥܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܕܥܬܐ
Transliteration: yd't'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 38

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

רִגְתָא דְיָאֲיָא תְּבַסֵם נַפְשָׁא וּמְרַחַקְתָּא דְסַכְלֵי פְּרִיקָא מִן יְדִיעֲתָא׃

9 word entries

רִגְתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רגתא
Transliteration: rgt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

דְיָאֲיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יאיא
Transliteration: dy'y'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

תְּבַסֵם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תבסם
Transliteration: tbsm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

נַפְשָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נפשא
Transliteration: npsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 45

וּמְרַחַקְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מרחקתא
Transliteration: wmrchqt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

דְסַכְלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סכלי
Transliteration: dskly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 14

פְּרִיקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פריקא
Transliteration: pryq'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 7

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

יְדִיעֲתָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידיעתא
Transliteration: ydy't'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 32

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Desiderium si compleatur delectat animam; detestantur stulti eos qui fugiunt mala.

11 word entries

desiderium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: desiderium
Transliteration: desiderium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 60

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: si
Transliteration: si
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1970

conpleatur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: compleo
Transliteration: conpleatur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 130

delectat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: delecto
Transliteration: delectat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 35

animam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: anima
Transliteration: animam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 916

detestantur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: detestor
Transliteration: detestantur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 18

stulti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: stultus
Transliteration: stulti
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 129

eos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

fugiunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fugio
Transliteration: fugiunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 351

mala

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: malum
Transliteration: mala
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 129

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Proverbs 13

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