28 In the road of righteousness is life, but the way of the evil-doer goes to death.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 12:28. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
38
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
בְּאֹֽרַח־צְדָקָ֥ה חַיִּ֑ים וְדֶ֖רֶךְ נְתִיבָ֣ה אַל־מָֽוֶת׃
7 word entries
בְּאֹֽרַח
צְדָקָ֥ה
חַיִּ֑ים
וְדֶ֖רֶךְ
נְתִיבָ֣ה
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἐν ὁδοῖς δικαιοσύνης ζωὴ, ὁδοὶ δὲ μνησικάκων εἰς θάνατον.
9 word entries
Ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
ὁδοῖς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁδός
- Transliteration
- hodois
- Morphology
- noun, feminine dative plural
- Gloss
- ways, roads
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Way, road, path, journey, or manner of life.
- Occurrences
- 701
δικαιοσύνης
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δικαιοσύνη
- Transliteration
- dikaiosyne
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- righteousness, justice
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Righteousness, justice, uprightness.
- Occurrences
- 284
ζωὴ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ζωὴ
- Transliteration
- zoe
- Morphology
- nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 25
ὁδοὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ὁδοὶ
- Transliteration
- odoi
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ὁδοὶ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 32
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
μνησικάκων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- μνησικάκων
- Transliteration
- mnesikakon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
εἰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰς
- Transliteration
- eis
- Morphology
- preposition with accusative
- Gloss
- into, to, for
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
- Occurrences
- 6787
θάνατον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- θάνατος
- Transliteration
- thanatos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- death
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Death.
- Occurrences
- 301
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܒܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܙܕܝܩܘܬܐ ܚܝ̈ܐ ܘܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܐ̈ܟܬܢܐ ܠܡܘܬܐ
6 word entries
ܒܐܘܪܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܐܘܪܚܐ
- Transliteration
- b'wrh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 116
ܕܙܕܝܩܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܙܕܝܩܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dzdyqwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 26
ܚܝ̈ܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܝܐ
- Transliteration
- hy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 92
ܘܐܘܪܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܘܪܚܐ
- Transliteration
- w'wrh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 22
ܕܐ̈ܟܬܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܟܬܢܐ
- Transliteration
- d'ktn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܡܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- lmwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 28
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
בְּאָרְחָא דְצִדְקָא חַיֵי וְאוֹרַח דְעַוְתָנָא לְמוֹתָא׃
6 word entries
בְּאָרְחָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארחא
- Transliteration
- b'rch'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 40
דְצִדְקָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- צדקא
- Transliteration
- dtsdq'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 13
חַיֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חיי
- Transliteration
- chyy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 111
וְאוֹרַח
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אורח
- Transliteration
- w'wrch
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 182
דְעַוְתָנָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עותנא
- Transliteration
- d'wtn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 3
לְמוֹתָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מותא
- Transliteration
- lmwt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 70
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
In semita justitiæ vita; iter autem devium ducit ad mortem.]
10 word entries
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
semita
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- semita
- Transliteration
- semita
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 84
iustitiae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iustitia
- Transliteration
- iustitiae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 380
vita
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uita
- Transliteration
- vita
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 437
iter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iter
- Transliteration
- iter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 125
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
devium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deuius
- Transliteration
- devium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 3
ducit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- duco
- Transliteration
- ducit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 271
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
mortem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mors
- Transliteration
- mortem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 408
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
3 John 1:11
My loved one, do not be copying what is evil, but what is good. He who does good is of God: he who does evil has not seen God.
12 relevance votesRomans 5:21
That, as sin had power in death, so grace might have power through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.
9 relevance votesProverbs 11:19
So righteousness gives life; but he who goes after evil gets death for himself.
6 relevance votesProverbs 10:16
The work of the upright gives life: the increase of the evil-doer is a cause of sin.
5 relevance votesDeuteronomy 30:15
See, I have put before you today, life and good, and death and evil;
5 relevance votes1 John 3:7
My little children, let no man take you out of the true way: he who does righteousness is upright, even as he is upright;
5 relevance votes1 John 2:29
If you have knowledge that he is upright, it is clear to you that everyone who does righteousness is his offspring.
5 relevance votesEzekiel 18:9
And has been guided by my rules and has kept my laws and done them: he is upright, life will certainly be his, says the Lord.
5 relevance votesProverbs 8:35
For whoever gets me gets life, and grace from the Lord will come to him.
5 relevance votesProverbs 9:11
For by me your days will be increased, and the years of your life will be long.
3 relevance votes