Joshua 12

Bible in Basic English, Verse 9

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⁹ The king of Jericho, one; the king of Ai, which is near Beth-el, one;

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Joshua 12:9. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 57

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

מֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיח֖וֹ אֶחָ֑ד מֶ֧לֶךְ הָעַ֛י אֲשֶׁר־מִצַּ֥ד בֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל אֶחָֽד׃

10 word entries

מֶ֥לֶךְ

Lemma: 4428
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4428
Occurrences: 1112

יְרִיח֖וֹ

Lemma: 3405
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3405
Occurrences: 44

אֶחָ֑ד

Lemma: 259
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H259
Occurrences: 678

מֶ֧לֶךְ

Lemma: 4428
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4428
Occurrences: 1112

הָעַ֛י

Lemma: d/5857
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun proper
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H5857
Occurrences: 27

אֲשֶׁר

Lemma: 834 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 4808

מִצַּ֥ד

Lemma: m/6654
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6654
Occurrences: 17

בֵּֽית

Lemma: 1008+
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1008
Occurrences: 45

אֵ֖ל

Lemma: 1008
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1008
Occurrences: 72

אֶחָֽד

Lemma: 259
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H259
Occurrences: 678

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Τὸν βασιλέα Ἱεριχὼ, καὶ τὸν βασιλέα τῆς Γαὶ, ἥ ἐστι πλησίον Βαιθὴλ,

12 word entries

Τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

βασιλέα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: βασιλεύς
Transliteration: basileus
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: king
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: King or ruler.
Occurrences: 3067

Ἱεριχὼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἱεριχὼ
Transliteration: iericho
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἱεριχὼ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 37

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

βασιλέα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: βασιλεύς
Transliteration: basileus
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: king
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: King or ruler.
Occurrences: 3067

τῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Γαὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: γαὶ
Transliteration: gai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 20

ἥ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐστι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: esti
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it is
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

πλησίον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πλησίον
Transliteration: plesion
Morphology: adverb/substantive, indeclinable or neuter accusative singular
Gloss: near, neighbor
Part of Speech: adverb/substantive
Definition: Near, nearby, or neighbor depending on use.
Occurrences: 199

Βαιθὴλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Βαιθήλ
Transliteration: Baithel
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Bethel
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Bethel, place name.
Occurrences: 65

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܗܠܝܢ ܡ̈ܠܟܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܕܚܪܒ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܠܟܐ ܚܕ ܕܐܝܪܝܚܘ ܡܠܟܐ ܚܕ ܕܥܝ ܕܥܠ ܓܢܒ ܒܝܬ ܐܝܠ

15 word entries

ܘܗܠܝܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WHLJN
Morphology: W-HLJN
Occurrences: 0

ܡ̈ܠܟܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: M"LK>
Morphology: MLK/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܐܪܥܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D>R<>
Morphology: D->R</~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܚܪܒ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DXRB
Morphology: D-XRB[
Occurrences: 0

ܝܫܘܥ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: JCW<
Morphology: JCW</
Occurrences: 0

ܡܠܟܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MLK>
Morphology: MLK/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܚܕ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: XD
Morphology: XD/
Occurrences: 0

ܕܐܝܪܝܚܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D>JRJXW
Morphology: D->JRJXW/
Occurrences: 0

ܡܠܟܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MLK>
Morphology: MLK/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܚܕ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: XD
Morphology: XD/
Occurrences: 0

ܕܥܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D<J
Morphology: D-<J=/
Occurrences: 0

ܕܥܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D<L
Morphology: D-<L
Occurrences: 0

ܓܢܒ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: GNB
Morphology: GNB/
Occurrences: 0

ܒܝܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: BJT
Morphology: BJT/
Occurrences: 0

ܐܝܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >JL
Morphology: >JL/
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מַלְכָּא דִירִיחוֹ חָד מַלְכָּא דְעַי דְבִסְטַר בֵּית אֵל חָד׃

9 word entries

מַלְכָּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מלך
Transliteration: mlk'
Morphology: prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: from king
Occurrences: 2509

דִירִיחוֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יריחו
Transliteration: dyrychw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 45

חָד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חד
Transliteration: chd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 373

מַלְכָּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מלך
Transliteration: mlk'
Morphology: prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: from king
Occurrences: 2509

דְעַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דעי
Transliteration: d'y
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 11

דְבִסְטַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בסטר
Transliteration: dbstr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

אֵל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אל
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 80

חָד׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חד
Transliteration: chd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 373

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Rex Jericho unus: rex Hai, quæ est ex latere Bethel, unus:

11 word entries

rex

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rex
Transliteration: rex
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2981

Hiericho

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iericho
Transliteration: Hiericho
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 63

unus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: unus
Transliteration: unus
Morphology: GreLa POS: numeral
Occurrences: 1077

rex

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rex
Transliteration: rex
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2981

Ahi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ahus
Transliteration: Ahi
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 18

quae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ex
Transliteration: ex
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 1715

latere

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: latus
Transliteration: latere
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 162

Bethel

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Bethel
Transliteration: Bethel
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 65

unus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: unus
Transliteration: unus
Morphology: GreLa POS: numeral
Occurrences: 1077

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Joshua 8:1

Then the Lord said to Joshua, Have no fear and do not be troubled: take with you all the fighting-men and go up against Ai: for I have given into your hands the king of Ai and his people and his town and his land:

1 relevance votes

Joshua 8:17

There was not a man in Ai and Beth-el who did not go out after Israel; and the town was open and unwatched while they went after Israel.

1 relevance votes

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