12 The king of Eglon, one; the king of Gezer, one;
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Joshua 12:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
28
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
מֶ֤לֶךְ עֶגְלוֹן֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ גֶּ֖זֶר אֶחָֽד׃
6 word entries
מֶ֤לֶךְ
מֶ֥לֶךְ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
βασιλέα Αἰλὰμ, βασιλέα Γαζὲρ,
4 word entries
βασιλέα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- βασιλεύς
- Transliteration
- basileus
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- king
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- King or ruler.
- Occurrences
- 3067
Αἰλὰμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Αἰλάμ
- Transliteration
- Ailam
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Elam
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Elam, people or place name.
- Occurrences
- 54
βασιλέα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- βασιλεύς
- Transliteration
- basileus
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- king
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- King or ruler.
- Occurrences
- 3067
Γαζὲρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Γαζὲρ
- Transliteration
- gazer
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Γαζὲρ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܠܟܐ ܚܕ ܕܥܓܠܘܢ ܡܠܟܐ ܚܕ ܕܓܙܪ
6 word entries
ܡܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MLK>
- Morphology
- MLK/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܚܕ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- XD
- Morphology
- XD/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܥܓܠܘܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- D<GLWN
- Morphology
- D-<GLWN/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MLK>
- Morphology
- MLK/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܚܕ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- XD
- Morphology
- XD/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܓܙܪ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DGZR
- Morphology
- D-GZR==/
- Occurrences
- 0
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
מַלְכָּא דְעֶגְלוֹן חָד מַלְכָא דְגֶזֶר חָד׃
6 word entries
מַלְכָּא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מלך
- Transliteration
- mlk'
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- from king
- Occurrences
- 2509
דְעֶגְלוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עגלון
- Transliteration
- d'glwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 14
חָד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חד
- Transliteration
- chd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 373
מַלְכָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מלך
- Transliteration
- mlk'
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- from king
- Occurrences
- 2509
דְגֶזֶר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גזר
- Transliteration
- dgzr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 78
חָד׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חד
- Transliteration
- chd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 373
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
rex Eglon unus, rex Gazer unus,
6 word entries
rex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- rex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
Eglon
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- eglos
- Transliteration
- Eglon
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 11
unus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- unus
- Transliteration
- unus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: numeral
- Occurrences
- 1077
rex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- rex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
Gazer
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Gazer
- Transliteration
- Gazer
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 12
unus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- unus
- Transliteration
- unus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: numeral
- Occurrences
- 1077
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Joshua 10:33
Then Horam, king of Gezer, came up to the help of Lachish; and Joshua overcame him and his people, putting all of them to death.
5 relevance votesJoshua 15:39
Lachish, and Bozkath, and Eglon;
2 relevance votesJoshua 10:3
So Adoni-zedek, king of Jerusalem, sent to Hoham, king of Hebron, and to Piram, king of Jarmuth, and to Japhia, king of Lachish, and to Debir, king of Eglon, saying,
2 relevance votesJoshua 10:23
And they did so, and made those five kings come out of the hole to him, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon.
2 relevance votes