Joel
Chapter 2
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Verse 2
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Bible in Basic English

Joel 2

Bible in Basic English, Verse 2

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2 For a day of dark and deep shade is near, a day of cloud and black night: like a black cloud a great and strong people is covering the mountains; there has never been any like them and will not be after them again, from generation to generation.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Joel 2:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 145
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָ֗ה י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַעֲרָפֶ֔ל כְּשַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְעָצ֔וּם כָּמֹ֗הוּ לֹ֤א נִֽהְיָה֙ מִן־הָ֣עוֹלָ֔ם וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙ לֹ֣א יוֹסֵ֔ף עַד־שְׁנֵ֖י דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃

25 word entries
י֧וֹם
Lemma
3117
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3117
Occurrences
731
חֹ֣שֶׁךְ
Lemma
2822
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H2822
Occurrences
49
וַאֲפֵלָ֗ה
Lemma
c/653
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H653
Occurrences
5
י֤וֹם
Lemma
3117
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3117
Occurrences
731
עָנָן֙
Lemma
6051
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H6051
Occurrences
27
וַעֲרָפֶ֔ל
Lemma
c/6205
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H6205
Occurrences
9
כְּשַׁ֖חַר
Lemma
k/7837
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H7837
Occurrences
3
פָּרֻ֣שׂ
Lemma
6566
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal participle passive
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H6566
Occurrences
31
עַל
Lemma
5921 a
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H5921
Occurrences
4903
הֶֽהָרִ֑ים
Lemma
d/2022
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H2022
Occurrences
157
עַ֚ם
Lemma
5971 a
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H5971
Occurrences
682
רַ֣ב
Lemma
7227 a
Morphology
Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech
adjective
Strong's
H7227
Occurrences
362
וְעָצ֔וּם
Lemma
c/6099
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + adjective
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H6099
Occurrences
12
כָּמֹ֗הוּ
Lemma
3644
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H3644
Occurrences
137
לֹ֤א
Lemma
3808
Morphology
Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H3808
Occurrences
3277
נִֽהְיָה֙
Lemma
1961
Morphology
Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H1961
Occurrences
1660
מִן
Lemma
4480 a
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H4480
Occurrences
1059
הָ֣עוֹלָ֔ם
Lemma
d/5769
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H5769
Occurrences
14
וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙
Lemma
c/310 a
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + suffix
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H310
Occurrences
117
לֹ֣א
Lemma
3808
Morphology
Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H3808
Occurrences
3277
יוֹסֵ֔ף
Lemma
3254
Morphology
Hebrew: verb hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H3254
Occurrences
132
עַד
Lemma
5704
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H5704
Occurrences
1038
שְׁנֵ֖י
Lemma
8141
Morphology
Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H8141
Occurrences
646
דּ֥וֹר
Lemma
1755
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1755
Occurrences
50
וָדֽוֹר
Lemma
c/1755
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H1755
Occurrences
32
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

ἡμέρα σκότους καὶ γνόφου, ἡμέρα νεφέλης καὶ ὁμίχλης· ὡς ὄρθρος χυθήσεται ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη λαὸς πολὺς καὶ ἰσχυρὸς, ὅμοιος αὐτῷ οὐ γέγονεν ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος, καὶ μετʼ αὐτὸν οὐ προστεθήσεται ἕως ἐτῶν εἰς γενεὰς γενεῶν.

35 word entries
ἡμέρα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
hemera
Morphology
noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss
day
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Day.
Occurrences
2366
σκότους
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
skotoys
Morphology
accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
19
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
γνόφου
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
gnophoy
Morphology
genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss
of ...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
5
ἡμέρα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
hemera
Morphology
noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss
day
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Day.
Occurrences
2366
νεφέλης
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
nepheles
Morphology
genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss
of ...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
27
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ὁμίχλης
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
omichles
Morphology
genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss
of ...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
ὡς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ὡς
Transliteration
hos
Morphology
comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss
as, like, when
Part of Speech
conjunction/adverb
Definition
Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences
1899
ὄρθρος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
orthros
Morphology
nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
9
χυθήσεται
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
chythesetai
Morphology
verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it will ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
ἐπὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐπί
Transliteration
epi
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences
6685
τὰ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ὄρη
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
oros
Morphology
noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss
mountain
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Mountain or hill.
Occurrences
607
λαὸς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
laos
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
people
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
People, nation, or community.
Occurrences
1841
πολὺς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
polys
Morphology
nominative masculine/feminine singular or accusative plural pattern depending on context
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
30
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἰσχυρὸς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
ischyros
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Ἰσχυρὸς
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
28
ὅμοιος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
omoios
Morphology
nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
16
αὐτῷ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
οὐ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
οὐ
Transliteration
ou
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Part of Speech
particle
Definition
Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences
5892
γέγονεν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
gegonen
Morphology
verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss
he/she ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
26
ἀπὸ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἀπό
Transliteration
apo
Morphology
preposition with genitive
Gloss
from, away from
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences
3869
τοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
αἰῶνος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
aionos
Morphology
noun, masculine genitive singular
Gloss
of an age, eternity
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Age, era, world, or eternity depending on context.
Occurrences
550
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
μετʼ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
met
Morphology
preposition, elided form
Gloss
with, after
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences
2247
αὐτὸν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
οὐ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
οὐ
Transliteration
ou
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Part of Speech
particle
Definition
Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences
5892
προστεθήσεται
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
prostethesetai
Morphology
verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it will ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
8
ἕως
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἕως
Transliteration
heos
Morphology
preposition/conjunction
Gloss
until, as far as
Part of Speech
preposition/conjunction
Definition
Temporal or spatial marker.
Occurrences
1413
ἐτῶν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
eton
Morphology
noun, neuter genitive plural
Gloss
of years
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Year.
Occurrences
657
εἰς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
εἰς
Transliteration
eis
Morphology
preposition with accusative
Gloss
into, to, for
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences
6787
γενεὰς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
geneas
Morphology
noun, feminine accusative plural or genitive singular
Gloss
generations
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Generation, family line, or age.
Occurrences
60
γενεῶν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
geneon
Morphology
Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss
of ... / being ...
Part of Speech
participle/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
22
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܝܘܡܐ ܕܚܫܘܟܐ ܘܕܥܡܛܢܐ ܝܘܡܐ ܕܥܢܢܐ ܘܕܥܪܦܠܐ ܐܝܟ ܫܦܪܐ ܕܦܪܝܣ ܥܠ ܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܥܡܐ ܣܓܝܐܐ ܘܥܫܝܢܐ ܕܐܟܘܬܗ ܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܥܠܡ ܘܒܬܪܗ ܠܐ ܢܗܘܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܫ̈ܢܝ ܕܪܕܪ̈ܝܢ

25 word entries
ܝܘܡܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
ywm'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
225
ܕܚܫܘܟܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dhshwk'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
9
ܘܕܥܡܛܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wd'mtn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
2
ܝܘܡܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
ywm'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
225
ܕܥܢܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
d'nn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
12
ܘܕܥܪܦܠܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wd'rpl'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
2
ܐܝܟ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܐܝܟ
Transliteration
'yk
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
2051
ܫܦܪܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
shpr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
10
ܕܦܪܝܣ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dprys
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
2
ܥܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܥܠ
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
3346
ܛܘܪ̈ܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
twr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
170
ܥܡܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܥܡܐ
Transliteration
amma
Morphology
noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss
people, nation
Occurrences
688
ܣܓܝܐܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
sgy''
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
345
ܘܥܫܝܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
w'shyn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
21
ܕܐܟܘܬܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
d'kwth
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
4
ܠܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܠܐ
Transliteration
la
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Occurrences
2566
ܗܘܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܗܘܐ
Transliteration
hwa
Morphology
verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss
was, became
Occurrences
1800
ܡܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܡܢ
Transliteration
mn
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
5552
ܥܠܡ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܥܠܡ
Transliteration
'lm
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
36
ܘܒܬܪܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wbtrh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
9
ܠܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܠܐ
Transliteration
la
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Occurrences
2566
ܢܗܘܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
nhw'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
324
ܥܕܡܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'dm'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
606
ܠܫ̈ܢܝ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lshny
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
10
ܕܪܕܪ̈ܝܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
drdryn
Morphology
possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
2
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

יוֹם חֲשׁוֹךְ וְקִבְלָא יוֹם עֲנָנָא וַאֲמִיטְתָא כִּנְהוֹר צַפְרָא פָּרִיס עַל טוּרַיָא עַם סַגִי וְתַקִיף דִכְוָתֵיהּ לָא הֲוָה מִן עַלְמָא וּבַתְרוֹהִי לָא יוֹסִיף עַד שְׁנֵי דָר וָדָר׃

26 word entries
יוֹם
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
יום
Transliteration
ywm
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
899
חֲשׁוֹךְ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
chshwk
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
23
וְקִבְלָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wqbl'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
104
יוֹם
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
יום
Transliteration
ywm
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
899
עֲנָנָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'nn'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
26
וַאֲמִיטְתָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
w'mytt'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
9
כִּנְהוֹר
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
knhwr
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
38
צַפְרָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
tspr'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
117
פָּרִיס
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
prys
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
3
עַל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
על
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences
3568
טוּרַיָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
twry'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
123
עַם
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
עם
Transliteration
'm
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
with
Occurrences
1754
סַגִי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
סגי
Transliteration
sgy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
191
וְתַקִיף
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wtqyp
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
178
דִכְוָתֵיהּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
dkwtyh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
7
לָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
לא
Transliteration
l'
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Occurrences
2611
הֲוָה
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
הוה
Transliteration
hwh
Morphology
verbal root הוה
Gloss
was, became, happened
Occurrences
1114
מִן
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
מן
Transliteration
mn
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
from, out of, than
Occurrences
2836
עַלְמָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'lm'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
549
וּבַתְרוֹהִי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wbtrwhy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
32
לָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
לא
Transliteration
l'
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Occurrences
2611
יוֹסִיף
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
ywsyp
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
24
עַד
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
עד
Transliteration
'd
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
885
שְׁנֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
שני
Transliteration
shny
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
27
דָר
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
דר
Transliteration
dr
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
24
וָדָר׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ודר
Transliteration
wdr
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
21
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Dies tenebrarum et caliginis, dies nubis et turbinis; quasi mane expansum super montes populus multus et fortis: similis ei non fuit a principio, et post eum non erit usque in annos generationis et generationis.

34 word entries
dies
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
dies
Transliteration
dies
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
2559
tenebrarum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
tenebrarum
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
162
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
caliginis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
caligo
Transliteration
caliginis
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
48
dies
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
dies
Transliteration
dies
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
2559
nubis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
nubes
Transliteration
nubis
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
150
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
turbinis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
turbo
Transliteration
turbinis
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
111
quasi
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
quasi
Transliteration
quasi
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
989
mane
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
mane
Transliteration
mane
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
203
expansum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
expando
Transliteration
expansum
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
44
super
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
super
Transliteration
super
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
3146
montes
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
mons
Transliteration
montes
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
644
populus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
populus
Transliteration
populus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
2030
multus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
multus
Transliteration
multus
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
1032
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
fortis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
fortis
Transliteration
fortis
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
326
similis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
similis
Transliteration
similis
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
199
ei
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
ei
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
non
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
non
Transliteration
non
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
7320
fuit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
fuit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
a
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ab
Transliteration
a
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
3693
principio
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
principio
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Gloss
beginning
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
beginning, origin, foundation, principle
Etymology
From Latin princeps/principium language of firstness, beginning, or foundation.
Occurrences
65
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
post
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
post
Transliteration
post
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
621
eum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
eum
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
non
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
non
Transliteration
non
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
7320
erit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
erit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
usque
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
usque
Transliteration
usque
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
1221
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
annos
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
annus
Transliteration
annos
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
831
generationis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
generationis
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
239
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
generationis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
generationis
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
239

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Joel 1:6

For a nation has come up over my land, strong and without number; his teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he has the back teeth of a great lion.

9 relevance votes

Joel 2:5

Like the sound of war-carriages they go jumping on the tops of the mountains; like the noise of a flame of fire burning up the grain-stems, like a strong people lined up for the fight.

5 relevance votes

Joel 2:25

I will give back to you the years which were food for the locust, the plant-worm, the field-fly, and the worm, my great army which I sent among you.

4 relevance votes

Daniel 12:1

And at that time Michael will take up his place, the great angel, who is the supporter of the children of your people: and there will be a time of trouble, such as there never was from the time there was a nation even till that same time: and at that time your people will be kept safe, everyone who is recorded in the book.

3 relevance votes

Isaiah 8:22

And he will be looking down on the earth, and there will be trouble and dark clouds, black night where there is no seeing.

3 relevance votes

Isaiah 5:30

And his voice will be loud over him in that day like the sounding of the sea: and if a man's eyes are turned to the earth, it is all dark and full of trouble; and the light is made dark by thick clouds.

3 relevance votes

Joel 2:31

The sun will be made dark and the moon turned to blood, before the great day of the Lord comes, a day to be feared.

3 relevance votes

Exodus 10:6

And your houses will be full of them, and the houses of your servants and of all the Egyptians; it will be worse than anything your fathers have seen or their fathers, from the day when they were living on the earth till this day. And so he went out from Pharaoh.

3 relevance votes

Amos 4:13

For see, he who gave form to the mountains and made the wind, giving knowledge of his purpose to man, who makes the morning dark, and is walking on the high places of the earth: the Lord, the God of armies, is his name.

2 relevance votes

Jude 1:13

Violent waves of the sea, streaming with their shame, wandering stars for whom the darkest night is kept in store for ever.

2 relevance votes

Psalms 10:6

He has said in his heart, I will not be moved: through all generations I will never be in trouble.

2 relevance votes

Mark 13:19

For in those days there will be sorrow, such as there has not been from the time when God made the world till now, and will not ever be again.

2 relevance votes