1 What is the cause of wars and fighting among you? is it not in your desires which are at war in your bodies?
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to James 4:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
65
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Πόθεν πόλεμοι καὶ μάχαι ἐν ὑμῖν; Οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν, ἐκ τῶν ἡδονῶν ὑμῶν τῶν στρατευομένων ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν;
18 word entries
Πόθεν
πόλεμοι
καὶ
μάχαι
ἐν
ὑμῖν
Οὐκ
ἐντεῦθεν
ἐκ
τῶν
ἡδονῶν
ὑμῶν
τῶν
στρατευομένων
- Lemma
- strateuomenwn
- Transliteration
- strateuomenwn
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle participle genitive plural feminine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4754
- Occurrences
- 1
ἐν
τοῖς
μέλεσιν
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Πόθεν πόλεμοι καὶ πόθεν μάχαι ἐν ὑμῖν; οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν, ἐκ τῶν ἡδονῶν ὑμῶν τῶν στρατευομένων ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν;
19 word entries
καὶ
ἐν
τῶν
τῶν
στρατευομένων
- Lemma
- στρατεύομαι
- Morphology
- V-PMP-GPF
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G4754
- Occurrences
- 7
ἐν
τοῖς
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܢ ܐܝܟܐ ܐܝܬ ܒܟܘܢ ܩܪܒܐ ܘܡܨܘܬܐ ܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܪܓܝܓܬܐ ܕܡܩܪܒܢ ܒܗܕܡܝܟܘܢ
12 word entries
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܐܝܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟܐ
- Transliteration
- 'yk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 75
ܐܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܬ
- Transliteration
- 'yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 330
ܒܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- bkwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 96
ܩܪܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܪܒܐ
- Transliteration
- qrb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 12
ܘܡܨܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܨܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wmswt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 1681
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܪܓܝܓܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܓܝܓܬܐ
- Transliteration
- rgygt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 7
ܕܡܩܪܒܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܩܪܒܢ
- Transliteration
- dmqrbn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܗܕܡܝܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗܕܡܝܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- bhdmykwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Unde bella et lites in vobis? nonne hinc: ex concupiscentiis vestris, quæ militant in membris vestris?
16 word entries
unde
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- unde
- Transliteration
- unde
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 151
bella
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- bellum
- Transliteration
- bella
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 186
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
lites
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lis
- Transliteration
- lites
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
vobis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uos
- Transliteration
- vobis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2958
nonne
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nonne
- Transliteration
- nonne
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 208
hinc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hinc
- Transliteration
- hinc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 46
ex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ex
- Transliteration
- ex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1715
concupiscentiis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- concupiscentia
- Transliteration
- concupiscentiis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 43
vestris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uester
- Transliteration
- vestris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1504
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
militant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- milito
- Transliteration
- militant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 10
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
membris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- membrum
- Transliteration
- membris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 48
vestris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uester
- Transliteration
- vestris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1504
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
1 Peter 2:11
My loved ones, I make this request with all my heart, that, as those for whom this world is a strange country, you will keep yourselves from the desires of the flesh which make war against the soul;
40 relevance votesGalatians 5:17
For the flesh has desires against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; because these are opposite the one to the other; so that you may not do the things which you have a mind to do.
37 relevance votesRomans 7:23
But I see another law in my body, working against the law of my mind, and making me the servant of the law of sin which is in my flesh.
34 relevance votesJames 1:14
But every man is tested when he is turned out of the right way by the attraction of his desire.
25 relevance votesRomans 8:7
Because the mind of the flesh is opposite to God; it is not under the law of God, and is not able to be:
24 relevance votesJeremiah 17:9
The heart is a twisted thing, not to be searched out by man: who is able to have knowledge of it?
21 relevance votesColossians 3:5
Then put to death your bodies which are of the earth; wrong use of the flesh, unclean things, passion, evil desires and envy, which is the worship of strange gods;
16 relevance votes1 Peter 1:14
Like children ruled by God, do not go back to the old desires of the time when you were without knowledge:
16 relevance votesJames 4:3
You make your request but you do not get it, because your request has been wrongly made, desiring the thing only so that you may make use of it for your pleasure.
15 relevance votes2 Peter 3:3
Having first of all the knowledge that in the last days there will be men who, ruled by their evil desires, will make sport of holy things,
15 relevance votesTitus 3:9
But have nothing to do with foolish questionings, and lists of generations, and fights and arguments about the law; for they are of no profit and foolish.
14 relevance votesTitus 3:3
For in the past we were foolish, hard in heart, turned from the true way, servants of evil desires and pleasures, living in bad feeling and envy, hated and hating one another.
14 relevance votes