3 The earth will be completely waste and without men; for this is the word of the Lord.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 24:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
59
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
הִבּ֧וֹק ׀ תִּבּ֛וֹק הָאָ֖רֶץ וְהִבּ֣וֹז ׀ תִּבּ֑וֹז כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃
11 word entries
הִבּ֧וֹק
תִּבּ֛וֹק
הָאָ֖רֶץ
וְהִבּ֣וֹז
תִּבּ֑וֹז
כִּ֣י
דִּבֶּ֖ר
אֶת
הַדָּבָ֥ר
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Φθορᾷ φθαρήσεται ἡ γῆ, καὶ προνομῇ προνομευθήσεται ἡ γῆ· τὸ γὰρ στόμα Κυρίου ἐλάλησε ταῦτα.
15 word entries
Φθορᾷ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- φθορᾷ
- Transliteration
- phthor
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
φθαρήσεται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- φθαρήσεται
- Transliteration
- phtharesetai
- Morphology
- verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it will ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἡ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γῆ
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
- Note
- Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
- Lemma
- γῆ
- Transliteration
- ge
- Morphology
- noun
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Earth, ground, or land.
- Strong's
- G1093
- Occurrences
- 2962
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
προνομῇ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- προνομῇ
- Transliteration
- pronom
- Morphology
- nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
προνομευθήσεται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- προνομευθήσεται
- Transliteration
- pronomeythesetai
- Morphology
- verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it will ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἡ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γῆ
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
- Note
- Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
- Lemma
- γῆ
- Transliteration
- ge
- Morphology
- noun
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Earth, ground, or land.
- Strong's
- G1093
- Occurrences
- 2962
τὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γὰρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γάρ
- Transliteration
- gar
- Morphology
- postpositive explanatory conjunction
- Gloss
- for, because
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Explanatory or causal conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 1390
στόμα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- στόμα
- Transliteration
- stoma
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- mouth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Mouth, opening, or speech.
- Occurrences
- 384
Κυρίου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κύριος
- Transliteration
- kyrios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- Lord, master
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
- Occurrences
- 7934
ἐλάλησε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λαλέω
- Transliteration
- elalese
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it spoke
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To speak, say, or talk.
- Occurrences
- 734
ταῦτα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὗτος
- Transliteration
- houtos
- Morphology
- demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- this one
- Part of Speech
- demonstrative pronoun
- Definition
- This, these.
- Occurrences
- 3767
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܬܚܒܠܘ ܬܬܚܒܠ ܐܪܥܐ ܘܡܬܒܙܙܘ ܬܬܒܙܙ ܡܛܠ ܕܡܪܝܐ ܡܠܠ ܦܬܓܡܐ ܗܢܐ
10 word entries
ܡܬܚܒܠܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܬܚܒܠܘ
- Transliteration
- mthblw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2
ܬܬܚܒܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܬܚܒܠ
- Transliteration
- tthbl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܐܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܪܥܐ
- Transliteration
- ara
- Morphology
- noun, feminine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- earth, land
- Occurrences
- 731
ܘܡܬܒܙܙܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܬܒܙܙܘ
- Transliteration
- wmtbzzw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܬܬܒܙܙ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܬܒܙܙ
- Transliteration
- ttbzz
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2606
ܕܡܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- dmry'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1345
ܡܠܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܠ
- Transliteration
- mll
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 72
ܦܬܓܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܬܓܡܐ
- Transliteration
- ptgm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 285
ܗܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܢܐ
- Transliteration
- hn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 876
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
אִתְבְּזָזָא תִּתְבְּזֵז אַרְעָא וְאִתְדָשָׁא תִּתְדָשׁ אֲרֵי יְיָ מַלֵל יַת פִּתְגָמָא הָדֵין׃
11 word entries
אִתְבְּזָזָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתבזזא
- Transliteration
- 'tbzz'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 4
תִּתְבְּזֵז
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תתבזז
- Transliteration
- ttbzz
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
אַרְעָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ארע
- Transliteration
- 'r''
- Morphology
- noun feminine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- earth, land
- Occurrences
- 1735
וְאִתְדָשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתדשא
- Transliteration
- w'tdsh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 2
תִּתְדָשׁ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תתדש
- Transliteration
- ttdsh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
אֲרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארי
- Transliteration
- 'ry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1969
יְיָ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יהוה
- Transliteration
- yy
- Morphology
- divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
- Gloss
- the Lord
- Occurrences
- 3908
מַלֵל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מלל
- Transliteration
- mll
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 62
יַת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 4303
פִּתְגָמָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פתגמא
- Transliteration
- ptgm'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 356
הָדֵין׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הדין
- Transliteration
- hdyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 604
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Dissipatione dissipabitur terra, et direptione prædabitur; Dominus enim locutus est verbum hoc.
12 word entries
dissipatione
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dissipatio
- Transliteration
- dissipatione
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 3
dissipabitur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dissipo
- Transliteration
- dissipabitur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 105
terra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- terra
- Transliteration
- terra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- earth, land, ground
- Etymology
- Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
- Occurrences
- 3087
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
direptione
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- direptio
- Transliteration
- direptione
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 12
praedabitur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praedor
- Transliteration
- praedabitur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 17
Dominus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dominus
- Transliteration
- Dominus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8181
enim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- enim
- Transliteration
- enim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2392
locutus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- loquor
- Transliteration
- locutus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1543
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
verbum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uerbum
- Transliteration
- verbum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1162
hoc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hoc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Isaiah 24:1
See, the Lord is making the earth waste and unpeopled, he is turning it upside down, and sending the people in all directions.
5 relevance votesIsaiah 6:11
Then I said, Lord, how long? And he said in answer, Till the towns are waste and unpeopled, and the houses have no men, and the land becomes completely waste,
4 relevance votesDeuteronomy 29:23
And that all the land is a salt and smoking waste, not planted or giving fruit or clothed with grass, but wasted like Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim, on which the Lord sent destruction in the heat of his wrath:
2 relevance votesIsaiah 22:25
In that day, says the Lord of armies, will the nail fixed in a safe place give way; and it will be cut down, and in its fall the weight hanging on it will be cut off, for the Lord has said it.
2 relevance votesDeuteronomy 29:28
Rooting them out of their land, in the heat of his wrath and passion, and driving them out into another land, as at this day.
2 relevance votesMicah 4:4
But every man will be seated under his vine and under his fig-tree, and no one will be a cause of fear to them: for the mouth of the Lord of armies has said it.
2 relevance votes2 Chronicles 36:21
So that the words of the Lord, which he said by the mouth of Jeremiah, might come true, till the land had had pleasure in her Sabbaths; for as long as she was waste the land kept the Sabbath, till seventy years were complete.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 21:17
And the rest of the bowmen, the men of war of the children of Kedar, will be small in number: for the Lord, the God of Israel, has said it.
2 relevance votesEzekiel 36:4
For this reason, you mountains of Israel, give ear to the word of the Lord; this is what the Lord has said to the mountains and to the hills, to the streams and to the valleys, to the unpeopled wastes and to the towns where no one is living, from which the goods have been taken and which have been put to shame by the rest of the nations who are round about:
2 relevance votesJeremiah 13:15
Give ear and let your ears be open; be not lifted up: for these are the words of the Lord.
1 relevance votes
Chapter 24 · 24 of 66 available
Verse 3 of 23