12 For before certain men came from James, he did take food with the Gentiles: but when they came, he went back and made himself separate, fearing those who were of the circumcision.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Galatians 2:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
91
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Πρὸ τοῦ γὰρ ἐλθεῖν τινὰς ἀπὸ Ἰακώβου, μετὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν συνήσθιεν· ὅτε δὲ ἦλθον, ὑπέστελλε καὶ ἀφώριζεν ἑαυτόν, φοβούμενος τοὺς ἐκ περιτομῆς.
22 word entries
Πρὸ
τοῦ
γὰρ
ἐλθεῖν
τινὰς
ἀπὸ
Ἰακώβου
μετὰ
τῶν
ἐθνῶν
συνήσθιεν
ὅτε
δὲ
ἦλθον
ὑπέστελλε
- Lemma
- upestellen
- Transliteration
- upestellen
- Morphology
- Greek: verb imperfect active indicative singular
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G5288
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
ἀφώριζεν
ἑαυτόν
φοβούμενος
- Lemma
- foboumenov
- Transliteration
- foboumenov
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent participle nominative singular masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G5399
- Occurrences
- 6
τοὺς
ἐκ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
πρὸ τοῦ γὰρ ἐλθεῖν τινας ἀπὸ Ἰακώβου μετὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν συνήσθιεν· ὅτε δὲ ἦλθον, ὑπέστελλεν καὶ ἀφώριζεν ἑαυτόν, φοβούμενος τοὺς ἐκ περιτομῆς.
22 word entries
τοῦ
τῶν
καὶ
τοὺς
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܕܥܕܠܐ ܢܐܬܘܢ ܐܢܫܐ ܡܢ ܠܘܬ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܥܡ ܥܡܡܐ ܐܟܠ ܗܘܐ ܟܕ ܐܬܘ ܕܝܢ ܢܓܕ ܗܘܐ ܢܦܫܗ ܘܦܪܫ ܡܛܠ ܕܕܚܠ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܗܢܘܢ ܕܡܢ ܓܙܘܪܬܐ
24 word entries
ܕܥܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- d'dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܢܐܬܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܐܬܘܢ
- Transliteration
- n'twn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 20
ܐܢܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܫܐ
- Transliteration
- 'nsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 148
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܠܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܘܬ
- Transliteration
- lwt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 245
ܝܥܩܘܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܥܩܘܒ
- Transliteration
- y'qwb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 23
ܥܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܡ
- Transliteration
- 'm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 250
ܥܡܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܡܡܐ
- Transliteration
- 'mm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 65
ܐܟܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܟܠ
- Transliteration
- 'kl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 26
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܐܬܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܬܘ
- Transliteration
- 'tw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 46
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1830
ܢܓܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܓܕ
- Transliteration
- ngd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܢܦܫܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܦܫܗ
- Transliteration
- npshh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 105
ܘܦܪܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܦܪܫ
- Transliteration
- wprsh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 632
ܕܕܚܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܕܚܠ
- Transliteration
- ddhl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 7
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܗܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- hnwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 314
ܕܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܢ
- Transliteration
- dmn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 259
ܓܙܘܪܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܙܘܪܬܐ
- Transliteration
- gzwrt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 20
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Prius enim quam venirent quidam a Jacobo, cum gentibus edebat: cum autem venissent, subtrahebat, et segregabat se, timens eos qui ex circumcisione erant.
23 word entries
prius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- prius
- Transliteration
- prius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 95
enim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- enim
- Transliteration
- enim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2392
quam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quam
- Transliteration
- quam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 426
venirent
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uenio
- Transliteration
- venirent
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2233
quidam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quidam
- Transliteration
- quidam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 306
ab
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ab
- Transliteration
- ab
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3693
Iacobo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iacob
- Transliteration
- Iacobo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 364
cum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cum
- Transliteration
- cum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5272
gentibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gens
- Transliteration
- gentibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 873
edebat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- edo
- Transliteration
- edebat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 99
cum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cum
- Transliteration
- cum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 5272
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
venissent
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uenio
- Transliteration
- venissent
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2233
subtrahebat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- subtraho
- Transliteration
- subtrahebat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 13
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
segregabat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- segrego
- Transliteration
- segregabat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 9
se
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sui
- Transliteration
- se
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1317
timens
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- timeo
- Transliteration
- timens
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 477
eos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
ex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ex
- Transliteration
- ex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1715
circumcisione
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- circumcisio
- Transliteration
- circumcisione
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 38
erant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- erant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Acts 10:28
And he said to them, You yourselves have knowledge that it is against the law for a man who is a Jew to be in the company of one who is of another nation; but God has made it clear to me that no man may be named common or unclean:
10 relevance votesLuke 15:2
And the Pharisees and scribes were angry, saying, This man gives approval to sinners, and takes food with them.
7 relevance votesEphesians 3:6
Which is that the Gentiles have a part in the heritage, and in the same body, and in the same hope in Christ through the good news,
6 relevance votesProverbs 29:25
The fear of man is a cause of danger: but whoever puts his faith in the Lord will have a safe place on high.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 57:11
And of whom were you in fear, so that you were false, and did not keep me in mind, or give thought to it? Have I not been quiet, keeping myself secret, and so you were not in fear of me?
3 relevance votesGalatians 2:9
When they saw the grace which was given to me, James and Cephas and John, who had the name of being pillars, gave to me and Barnabas their right hands as friends so that we might go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcision;
3 relevance votesEphesians 2:15
Having in his flesh put an end to that which made the division between us, even the law with its rules and orders, so that he might make in himself, of the two, one new man, so making peace;
2 relevance votes1 Thessalonians 5:22
Keep from every form of evil.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 65:5
Who say, Keep away, do not come near me, for fear that I make you holy: these are a smoke in my nose, a fire burning all day.
2 relevance votes