12 But when Gallio was ruler of Achaia, all the Jews together made an attack on Paul, and took him to the judge's seat,
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Acts 18:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
64
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Γαλλίωνος δὲ ἀνθυπατεύοντος τῆς Ἀχαΐας, κατεπέστησαν ὁμοθυμαδὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τῷ Παύλῳ, καὶ ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα,
17 word entries
Γαλλίωνος
δὲ
ἀνθυπατεύοντος
- Lemma
- anqupateuontov
- Transliteration
- anqupateuontov
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle genitive singular masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G445
- Occurrences
- 1
τῆς
Ἀχαΐας
κατεπέστησαν
- Lemma
- katepesthsan
- Transliteration
- katepesthsan
- Morphology
- Greek: verb second aorist active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2721
- Occurrences
- 1
ὁμοθυμαδὸν
- Lemma
- omoqumadon
- Transliteration
- omoqumadon
- Morphology
- Greek: adverb
- Part of Speech
- adverb
- Strong's
- G3661
- Occurrences
- 12
οἱ
Ἰουδαῖοι
τῷ
Παύλῳ
καὶ
ἤγαγον
αὐτὸν
ἐπὶ
τὸ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Γαλλίωνος δὲ ἀνθυπάτου ὄντος τῆς Ἀχαΐας κατεπέστησαν ὁμοθυμαδὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τῷ Παύλῳ καὶ ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα,
18 word entries
ὄντος
τῆς
κατεπέστησαν
- Lemma
- κατεφίστημι
- Morphology
- V-2AAI-3P
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G2721
- Occurrences
- 1
ὁμοθυμαδὸν
- Lemma
- ὁμοθυμαδόν
- Morphology
- ADV
- Part of Speech
- ADV
- Strong's
- G3661
- Occurrences
- 11
οἱ
τῷ
καὶ
τὸ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܟܕ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܗܘܐ ܓܐܠܝܘܢ ܐܢܬܘܦܛܘܣ ܕܐܟܐܝܐ ܐܬܟܢܫܘ ܐܟܚܕܐ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܥܠ ܦܘܠܘܣ ܘܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ ܩܕܡ ܒܝܡ
14 word entries
ܘܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܟܕ
- Transliteration
- wkd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 429
ܐܝܬܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܬܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- 'ytwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 97
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܓܐܠܝܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܐܠܝܘܢ
- Transliteration
- g'lywn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 2
ܐܢܬܘܦܛܘܣ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬܘܦܛܘܣ
- Transliteration
- 'ntwptws
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
ܕܐܟܐܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܟܐܝܐ
- Transliteration
- d'k'y'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܐܬܟܢܫܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܬܟܢܫܘ
- Transliteration
- 'tknshw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 17
ܐܟܚܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܟܚܕܐ
- Transliteration
- 'khd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 21
ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Transliteration
- yhwdy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 124
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܦܘܠܘܣ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܘܠܘܣ
- Transliteration
- pwlws
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 110
ܘܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- w'ytywhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 12
ܩܕܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܕܡ
- Transliteration
- qdm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 192
ܒܝܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܝܡ
- Transliteration
- bym
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 11
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Gallione autem proconsule Achaiæ, insurrexerunt uno animo Judæi in Paulum, et adduxerunt eum ad tribunal,
15 word entries
Gallione
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Gallio
- Transliteration
- Gallione
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 3
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
proconsule
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- proconsul
- Transliteration
- proconsule
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 4
Achaiae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Achaia
- Transliteration
- Achaiae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 10
insurrexerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- insurgo
- Transliteration
- insurrexerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20
uno
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- unus
- Transliteration
- uno
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: numeral
- Occurrences
- 1077
animo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- animus
- Transliteration
- animo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 109
Iudaei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iudaei
- Transliteration
- Iudaei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 362
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
Paulum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Paulus
- Transliteration
- Paulum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 158
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
adduxerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- adduco
- Transliteration
- adduxerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 281
eum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
tribunal
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tribunal
- Transliteration
- tribunal
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 16
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Acts 13:7
Who was with the ruler, Sergius Paulus, an able man. This man sent for Barnabas and Saul, desiring to have knowledge of the word of God.
4 relevance votesActs 18:27
And when he had a desire to go over into Achaia, the brothers gave him help, and sent letters to the disciples requesting them to take him in among them: and when he had come, he gave much help to those who had faith through grace:
4 relevance votesActs 13:50
But the Jews, working up the feelings of the God-fearing women of high position and of the chief men of the town, got an attack started against Paul and Barnabas, driving them out of those parts.
4 relevance votes1 Corinthians 16:15
Now I make my request to you, my brothers, for you have knowledge that the house of Stephanas is the first-fruits of Achaia, and that they have made themselves the servants of the saints,
3 relevance votes2 Corinthians 1:1
Paul, an Apostle of Jesus Christ by the purpose of God, and Timothy the brother, to the church of God which is in Corinth, with all the saints who are in all Achaia:
3 relevance votes2 Corinthians 11:10
As the true word of Christ is in me, I will let no man take from me this my cause of pride in the country of Achaia.
3 relevance votesRomans 15:26
For it has been the good pleasure of those of Macedonia and Achaia to send a certain amount of money for the poor among the saints at Jerusalem.
3 relevance votesActs 25:10
And Paul said, I am before the seat of Caesar's authority where it is right for me to be judged: I have done no wrong to the Jews, as you are well able to see.
3 relevance votesActs 17:13
But when the Jews of Thessalonica had news that Paul was preaching the word at Beroea, they came there, troubling the people and working them up.
3 relevance votesMatthew 27:19
And while he was on the judge's seat, his wife sent to him, saying, Have nothing to do with that upright man, for I have had much trouble this day in a dream because of him.
3 relevance votes2 Corinthians 9:2
For I have before made clear to those of Macedonia my pride in your ready mind, saying to them that Achaia has been ready for a year back; and a great number have been moved to do the same by your example.
3 relevance votesActs 14:19
But some Jews came to that place from Antioch and Iconium, and got control over the people; and after stoning Paul, they had him pulled out of the town, taking him for dead.
3 relevance votes