2 Samuel
Chapter 20
Verse 23
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2 Samuel 20

Bible in Basic English, Verse 23

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23 Now Joab was over all the army; and Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada, was at the head of the Cherethites and the Pelethites;

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Samuel 20:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 73
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְיוֹאָ֕ב אֶ֥ל כָּל־הַצָּבָ֖א יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבְנָיָה֙ בֶּן־יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע עַל־הכרי וְעַל־הַפְּלֵתִֽי׃

13 word entries
וְיוֹאָ֕ב
Lemma
c/3097
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H3097
Occurrences
15
אֶ֥ל
Lemma
413
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H413
Occurrences
5170
כָּל
Lemma
3605
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3605
Occurrences
3268
הַצָּבָ֖א
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H6635
Occurrences
34
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
Lemma
3478
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3478
Occurrences
2260
וּבְנָיָה֙
Lemma
c/1141
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H1141
Occurrences
17
בֶּן
Lemma
1121 a
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1121
Occurrences
4020
יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע
Lemma
3077
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3077
Occurrences
46
עַל
Lemma
5921 a
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H5921
Occurrences
4903
הכרי
Lemma
d/3746
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun gentilic masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H3746
Occurrences
2
הַכְּרֵתִ֖י
Lemma
d/3774
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun gentilic masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H3774
Occurrences
4
וְעַל
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + preposition
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H5921
Occurrences
543
הַפְּלֵתִֽי
Lemma
d/6432
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun gentilic masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H6432
Occurrences
2
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ὁ Ἰωὰβ πρὸς πάσῃ τῇ δυνάμει Ἰσραήλ· καὶ Βαναίας υἱὸς Ἰωδαὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ Χερεθὶ, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Φελεθί·

19 word entries
Καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
Ἰωὰβ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
Ioab
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
Joab
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Joab.
Occurrences
156
πρὸς
Status
Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note
Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Transliteration
pros
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
with/toward
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
with/toward
Strong's
G4314
Occurrences
3989
πάσῃ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
πᾶς
Transliteration
pas
Morphology
adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
all, every
Part of Speech
adjective
Definition
All, every, whole.
Occurrences
6138
τῇ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
δυνάμει
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
dynamis
Morphology
noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss
power, strength
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Power, strength, ability, army, or host.
Occurrences
521
Ἰσραήλ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
Israel
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
Israel
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
Occurrences
2695
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
Βαναίας
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
banaias
Morphology
accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
23
υἱὸς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
huios
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
son
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences
4805
Ἰωδαὲ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
Iodae
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
Joiada
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Joiada/Jehoiada, biblical personal name.
Occurrences
58
ἐπὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐπί
Transliteration
epi
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences
6685
τοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
Χερεθὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
cherethi
Morphology
dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
5
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἐπὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐπί
Transliteration
epi
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences
6685
τοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
Φελεθί
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
phelethi
Morphology
dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܝܘܐܒ ܥܠ ܟܠܗ ܗܘܐ ܚܝܠܐ ܕܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܘܒܢܝܐ ܒܪ ܝܘܝܕܥ ܥܠ ܚܐܪ̈ܐ ܘܥܠ ܦܠܚ̈ܐ

13 word entries
ܘܝܘܐܒ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wyw'b
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
15
ܥܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܥܠ
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
3346
ܟܠܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܟܠܗ
Transliteration
klh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
558
ܗܘܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܗܘܐ
Transliteration
hwa
Morphology
verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss
was, became
Occurrences
1800
ܚܝܠܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
hyl'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
331
ܕܐܝܣܪܝܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
d'ysryl
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
669
ܘܒܢܝܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wbny'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
38
ܒܪ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܒܪ
Transliteration
bar
Morphology
noun, masculine construct singular
Gloss
son
Occurrences
1284
ܝܘܝܕܥ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
ywyd'
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
53
ܥܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܥܠ
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
3346
ܚܐܪ̈ܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
h'r'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
19
ܘܥܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܘܥܠ
Transliteration
w'l
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
687
ܦܠܚ̈ܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
plh'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
6
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְיוֹאָב מְמַנָא עַל כָּל חֵילָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּבְנָיָה בַּר יְהוֹיָדָע עַל קַשָׁתַיָא וְעַל קַלָעַיָא׃

13 word entries
וְיוֹאָב
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wyw'b
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
144
מְמַנָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
מנא
Transliteration
mmn'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
114
עַל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
על
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences
3568
כָּל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
כל
Transliteration
kl
Morphology
collective noun/adjective
Gloss
all, every
Occurrences
2135
חֵילָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
chyl'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
218
דְיִשְׂרָאֵל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Transliteration
dyshr'l
Morphology
prefixed relative/genitive ד + proper noun
Gloss
of/that Israel
Occurrences
2312
וּבְנָיָה
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
בר
Transliteration
wbnyh
Morphology
noun plural construct
Gloss
sons, children of
Occurrences
2734
בַּר
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
בר
Transliteration
br
Morphology
noun masculine singular
Gloss
son
Occurrences
2734
יְהוֹיָדָע
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
yhwyd'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
52
עַל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
על
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences
3568
קַשָׁתַיָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
qshty'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
13
וְעַל
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ועל
Transliteration
w'l
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
516
קַלָעַיָא׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
ql'y'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
11
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Fuit ergo Joab super omnem exercitum Israël: Banaias autem filius Jojadæ super Cerethæos et Phelethæos:

15 word entries
fuit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
fuit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
ergo
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ergo
Transliteration
ergo
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
1237
Ioab
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Ioas
Transliteration
Ioab
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
194
super
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
super
Transliteration
super
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
3146
omnem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
omnis
Transliteration
omnem
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
5506
exercitum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
exercitum
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
631
Israhel
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Israel
Transliteration
Israhel
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
2547
Banaias
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Banaias
Transliteration
Banaias
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
34
autem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
autem
Transliteration
autem
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
5069
filius
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
filius
Transliteration
filius
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
5067
Ioiadae
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Ioades
Transliteration
Ioiadae
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
32
super
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
super
Transliteration
super
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
3146
Cheretheos
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
Cheretheos
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
1
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
Feletheos
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
Feletheos
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
1
Chapter 20 of 24 Verse 23 of 26