8 And, A stone of falling, a rock of trouble; the word is the cause of their fall, because they go against it, and this was the purpose of God.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Peter 2:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
52
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
καί, Λίθος προσκόμματος καὶ πέτρα σκανδάλου· οἳ προσκόπτουσι τῷ λόγῳ ἀπειθοῦντες· εἰς ὃ καὶ ἐτέθησαν.
15 word entries
καί
Λίθος
προσκόμματος
- Lemma
- proskommatov
- Transliteration
- proskommatov
- Morphology
- Greek: noun genitive singular neuter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G4348
- Occurrences
- 4
καὶ
πέτρα
σκανδάλου
οἳ
προσκόπτουσι
- Lemma
- proskoptousin
- Transliteration
- proskoptousin
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4350
- Occurrences
- 1
τῷ
λόγῳ
ἀπειθοῦντες
- Lemma
- apeiqountev
- Transliteration
- apeiqountev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G544
- Occurrences
- 3
εἰς
ὃ
καὶ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
οἳ προσκόπτουσιν τῷ λόγῳ ἀπειθοῦντες, εἰς ὃ καὶ ἐτέθησαν.
9 word entries
τῷ
λόγῳ
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܟܐܦܐ ܗܘ ܕܬܘܩܠܬܐ ܘܐܒܢܐ ܕܟܫܠܐ ܘܡܬܬܩܠܝܢ ܒܗ ܒܕܠܐ ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ ܠܡܠܬܐ ܕܠܗܕܐ ܣܝܡܝܢ
12 word entries
ܟܐܦܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܐܦܐ
- Transliteration
- k'p'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 101
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 1648
ܕܬܘܩܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܬܘܩܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dtwqlt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܘܐܒܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܒܢܐ
- Transliteration
- w'bn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܕܟܫܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܟܫܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dkshl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܡܬܬܩܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܬܬܩܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wmttqlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗ
- Transliteration
- bh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 343
ܒܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- bdl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 7
ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mttpysyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 15
ܠܡܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- lmlt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 18
ܕܠܗܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܗܕܐ
- Transliteration
- dlhd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܣܝܡܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܝܡܝܢ
- Transliteration
- symyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 7
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
et lapis offensionis, et petra scandali, his qui offendunt verbo, nec credunt in quo et positi sunt.
16 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
lapis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lapis
- Transliteration
- lapis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 330
offensionis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- offensio
- Transliteration
- offensionis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 17
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
petra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- petra
- Transliteration
- petra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 103
scandali
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scandalum
- Transliteration
- scandali
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 35
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
offendunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- offendo
- Transliteration
- offendunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 29
verbo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uerbum
- Transliteration
- verbo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1162
nec
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- neque
- Transliteration
- nec
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 930
credunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- credo
- Transliteration
- credunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 369
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
quod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
positi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pono
- Transliteration
- positi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 894
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Isaiah 8:14
And he will be for a holy place: but for a stone of falling and a rock of trouble to the two houses of Israel, and to the men of Jerusalem, for a net in which they may be taken.
31 relevance votes1 Corinthians 1:23
But we give the good news of Christ on the cross, a hard thing to the Jews, and a foolish thing to the Gentiles;
16 relevance votes1 Peter 2:7
And the value is for you who have faith; but it is said for those without faith, The very stone which the builders put on one side, was made the chief stone of the building;
11 relevance votesRomans 9:22
What if God, desiring to let his wrath and his power be seen, for a long time put up with the vessels of wrath which were ready for destruction:
9 relevance votesJude 1:4
For certain men have come among you secretly, marked out before in the holy Writings for this evil fate, men without the fear of God, turning his grace into an unclean thing, and false to our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.
7 relevance votes2 Peter 2:3
And in their desire for profit they will come to you with words of deceit, like traders doing business in souls: whose punishment has been ready for a long time and their destruction is watching for them.
6 relevance votes1 Thessalonians 5:9
For God's purpose for us is not wrath, but salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ,
6 relevance votesLuke 2:34
And Simeon gave them his blessing and said to Mary, his mother, See, this child will be the cause of the downfall and the lifting up of great numbers of people in Israel, and he will be a sign against which hard words will be said;
5 relevance votes2 Corinthians 2:16
To the one it is a perfume of death to death; to the other a perfume of life to life. And who is enough for such things?
2 relevance votesExodus 9:16
But, for this very reason, I have kept you from destruction, to make clear to you my power, and so that my name may be honoured through all the earth.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 57:14
And I will say, Make it high, make it high, get ready the way, take the stones out of the way of my people.
1 relevance votes