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Jump to a verse in Isaiah 1

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American Standard Version

Isaiah 1

American Standard Version, Verse 23

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²³ Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves; every one loveth bribes, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 1:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 101

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

שָׂרַ֣יִךְ סוֹרְרִ֗ים וְחַבְרֵי֙ גַּנָּבִ֔ים כֻּלּוֹ֙ אֹהֵ֣ב שֹׁ֔חַד וְרֹדֵ֖ף שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים יָתוֹם֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ וְרִ֥יב אַלְמָנָ֖ה לֹֽא־יָב֥וֹא אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ פ

17 word entries

שָׂרַ֣יִךְ

Lemma: 8269
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8269
Occurrences: 272

סוֹרְרִ֗ים

Lemma: 5637
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5637
Occurrences: 15

וְחַבְרֵי֙

Lemma: c/2270
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H2270
Occurrences: 1

גַּנָּבִ֔ים

Lemma: 1590
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1590
Occurrences: 6

כֻּלּוֹ֙

Lemma: 3605
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 3268

אֹהֵ֣ב

Lemma: 157
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H157
Occurrences: 143

שֹׁ֔חַד

Lemma: 7810
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7810
Occurrences: 14

וְרֹדֵ֖ף

Lemma: c/7291
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7291
Occurrences: 54

שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים

Lemma: 8021
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8021
Occurrences: 1

יָתוֹם֙

Lemma: 3490
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3490
Occurrences: 27

לֹ֣א

Lemma: 3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 3277

יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ

Lemma: 8199
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8199
Occurrences: 112

וְרִ֥יב

Lemma: c/7379
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common both gender singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7379
Occurrences: 7

אַלְמָנָ֖ה

Lemma: 490
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H490
Occurrences: 30

לֹֽא

Lemma: 3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 3277

יָב֥וֹא

Lemma: 935
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H935
Occurrences: 1266

אֲלֵיהֶֽם

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Οἱ ἄρχοντές σου ἀπειθοῦσι, κοινωνοὶ κλεπτῶν, ἀγαπῶντες δῶρα, διώκοντες ἀνταπόδομα, ὀρφανοῖς οὐ κρίνοντες, καὶ κρίσιν χηρῶν οὐ προσέχοντες.

18 word entries

Οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἄρχοντές

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄρχοντές
Transliteration: archontes
Morphology: present active participle, nominative masculine plural pattern
Gloss: doing/being ...
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

σου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

ἀπειθοῦσι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀπειθοῦσι
Transliteration: apeithoysi
Morphology: verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

κοινωνοὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κοινωνοὶ
Transliteration: koinonoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

κλεπτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κλεπτῶν
Transliteration: klepton
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἀγαπῶντες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀγαπῶντες
Transliteration: agapontes
Morphology: nominative/vocative plural masculine/feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

δῶρα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δῶρον
Transliteration: doron
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: gift, offering
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Gift or offering.
Occurrences: 141

διώκοντες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: διώκοντες
Transliteration: diokontes
Morphology: present active participle, nominative masculine plural pattern
Gloss: doing/being ...
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

ἀνταπόδομα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀνταπόδομα
Transliteration: antapodoma
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

ὀρφανοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὀρφανοῖς
Transliteration: orphanois
Morphology: dative plural masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

οὐ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

κρίνοντες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κρίνοντες
Transliteration: krinontes
Morphology: present active participle, nominative masculine plural pattern
Gloss: doing/being ...
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

κρίσιν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κρίσις
Transliteration: krisis
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: judgment, justice
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Judgment, decision, justice, or legal action.
Occurrences: 162

χηρῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: χηρῶν
Transliteration: cheron
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

οὐ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

προσέχοντες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: προσέχοντες
Transliteration: prosechontes
Morphology: present active participle, nominative masculine plural pattern
Gloss: doing/being ...
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܪ̈ܘܪܒܢܝܟܝ ܡܪܘܕܝܢ ܘܫ̈ܘܬܦܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܕܓܢܒ̈ܐ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܪܚ̇ܡܝܢ ܫܘܚܕܐ ܘܡܣܬܪܗܒܝܢ ܠܡܦܪܥ ܚ̈ܘܒܠܐ ܠܝ̈ܬܡܐ ܠܐ ܕܝܢ̇ܝܢ ܘܕܝ̣ܢܐ ܕܐܪ̈ܡܠܬܐ ܠܐ ܥܐ̇ܠ ܠܘܬܗܘܢ

19 word entries

ܪ̈ܘܪܒܢܝܟܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܘܪܒܢܝܟܝ
Transliteration: rwrbnyky
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܡܪܘܕܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܪܘܕܝܢ
Transliteration: mrwdyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 4

ܘܫ̈ܘܬܦܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܫܘܬܦܐ
Transliteration: wshwtp'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܘܢ
Transliteration: 'nwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1636

ܕܓܢܒ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܓܢܒܐ
Transliteration: dgnb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 3

ܟܠܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܠܗܘܢ
Transliteration: klhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 719

ܪܚ̇ܡܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܚܡܝܢ
Transliteration: rhmyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 8

ܫܘܚܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܘܚܕܐ
Transliteration: shwhd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 14

ܘܡܣܬܪܗܒܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܣܬܪܗܒܝܢ
Transliteration: wmstrhbyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܠܡܦܪܥ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܦܪܥ
Transliteration: lmpr'
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1

ܚ̈ܘܒܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܘܒܠܐ
Transliteration: hwbl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 6

ܠܝ̈ܬܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܝܬܡܐ
Transliteration: lytm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 6

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܠܐ
Transliteration: la
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2566

ܕܝܢ̇ܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܝܢܝܢ
Transliteration: dynyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 13

ܘܕܝ̣ܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܝܢܐ
Transliteration: wdyn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 56

ܕܐܪ̈ܡܠܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܪܡܠܬܐ
Transliteration: d'rmlt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 10

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܠܐ
Transliteration: la
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2566

ܥܐ̇ܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܐܠ
Transliteration: ''l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 20

ܠܘܬܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܘܬܗܘܢ
Transliteration: lwthwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 38

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

רַבְרְבַיִךְ מָרְדִין וְשׁוּתָּפִין לְגַנָבִין כּוּלְהוֹן רְחִימִין לְקַבָּלָא שׁוֹחֲדָא אָמְרִין גְבַר לְחַבְרֵיהּ עֲבֵיד לִי טַב בְּדִינִי וַאֲשַׁלֵם לָךְ בְּדִינָךְ דִין יַתְמָא לָא דַיְנִין וּקְבֵילַת אַרְמַלְתָּא לָא עֲלַת לָקֳדָמֵיהוֹן׃

27 word entries

רַבְרְבַיִךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רברביך
Transliteration: rbrbyk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

מָרְדִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רדין
Transliteration: mrdyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 6

וְשׁוּתָּפִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שותפין
Transliteration: wshwtpyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

לְגַנָבִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גנבין
Transliteration: lgnbyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 7

כּוּלְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ולהון
Transliteration: kwlhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 156

רְחִימִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רחימין
Transliteration: rchymyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 10

לְקַבָּלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קבלא
Transliteration: lqbl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 104

שׁוֹחֲדָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שוחדא
Transliteration: shwchd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 15

אָמְרִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אמרין
Transliteration: 'mryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 157

גְבַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבר
Transliteration: gbr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 627

לְחַבְרֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חבריה
Transliteration: lchbryh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 101

עֲבֵיד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עביד
Transliteration: 'byd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 140

לִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לי
Transliteration: ly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 595

טַב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טב
Transliteration: tb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 212

בְּדִינִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דיני
Transliteration: bdyny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 19

וַאֲשַׁלֵם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשלם
Transliteration: w'shlm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 20

לָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לך
Transliteration: lk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 468

בְּדִינָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דינך
Transliteration: bdynk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 7

דִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דין
Transliteration: dyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 684

יַתְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתמא
Transliteration: ytm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 4

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

דַיְנִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ינין
Transliteration: dynyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 30

וּקְבֵילַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קבילת
Transliteration: wqbylt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 7

אַרְמַלְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארמלתא
Transliteration: 'rmlt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 17

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

עֲלַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלת
Transliteration: 'lt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 38

לָקֳדָמֵיהוֹן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדמיהון
Transliteration: lqdmyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 74

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Principes tui infideles, socii furum. Omnes diligunt munera, sequuntur retributiones. Pupillo non judicant, et causa viduæ non ingreditur ad illos.

20 word entries

principes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: princeps
Transliteration: principes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 830

tui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tuus
Transliteration: tui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5615

infideles

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: infidelis
Transliteration: infideles
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 28

socii

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: socius
Transliteration: socii
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 56

furum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fur
Transliteration: furum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 32

omnes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: omnis
Transliteration: omnes
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5506

diligunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: diligo
Transliteration: diligunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 338

munera

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: munus
Transliteration: munera
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 118

sequuntur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sequor
Transliteration: sequuntur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 281

retributiones

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: retributio
Transliteration: retributiones
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 29

pupillo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pupillus
Transliteration: pupillo
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 43

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

iudicant

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iudico
Transliteration: iudicant
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 351

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

causa

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: causa
Transliteration: causa
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 156

viduae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uidua
Transliteration: viduae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 86

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

ingreditur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ingredior
Transliteration: ingreditur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 561

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

eos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Micah 7:3

Their hands are upon that which is evil to do it diligently; the prince asketh, and the judge is ready for a reward; and the great man, he uttereth the evil desire of his soul: thus they weave it together.

7 relevance votes

Exodus 23:8

And thou shalt take no bribe: for a bribe blindeth them that have sight, and perverteth the words of the righteous.

6 relevance votes

Zechariah 7:10

and oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the sojourner, nor the poor; and let none of you devise evil against his brother in your heart.

6 relevance votes

Isaiah 3:14

Jehovah will enter into judgment with the elders of his people, and the princes thereof: It is ye that have eaten up the vineyard; the spoil of the poor is in your houses:

3 relevance votes

Malachi 3:5

And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against the false swearers, and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the sojourner from his right , and fear not me, saith Jehovah of hosts.

3 relevance votes

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Isaiah 1

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Micah 7:3

Exodus 23:8

Zechariah 7:10

Isaiah 3:14

Malachi 3:5

Luke 19:46

Jeremiah 22:17

Proverbs 29:24

Mark 11:17

Deuteronomy 16:19

Hosea 9:15

Proverbs 17:23