2 so that he who is setting himself against the authority, against God's ordinance hath resisted; and those resisting, to themselves shall receive judgment.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 13:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
60
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ὥστε ὁ ἀντιτασσόμενος τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ, τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ διαταγῇ ἀνθέστηκεν· οἱ δὲ ἀνθεστηκότες ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήψονται.
16 word entries
Ὥστε
ὁ
ἀντιτασσόμενος
- Lemma
- antitassomenov
- Transliteration
- antitassomenov
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle participle nominative singular masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G498
- Occurrences
- 1
τῇ
ἐξουσίᾳ
τῇ
τοῦ
Θεοῦ
διαταγῇ
ἀνθέστηκεν
- Lemma
- anqesthken
- Transliteration
- anqesthken
- Morphology
- Greek: verb perfect active indicative singular
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G436
- Occurrences
- 3
οἱ
δὲ
ἀνθεστηκότες
- Lemma
- anqesthkotev
- Transliteration
- anqesthkotev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb perfect active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G436
- Occurrences
- 1
ἑαυτοῖς
κρίμα
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ὥστε ὁ ἀντιτασσόμενος τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ διαταγῇ ἀνθέστηκεν, οἱ δὲ ἀνθεστηκότες ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται.
16 word entries
ὁ
ἀντιτασσόμενος
- Lemma
- ἀντιτάσσομαι
- Morphology
- V-PMP-NSM
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G0498
- Occurrences
- 5
τῇ
τῇ
τοῦ
θεοῦ
οἱ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܢ ܕܩܐܡ ܗܟܝܠ ܠܘܩܒܠ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܠܘܩܒܠ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܩܐܡ ܘܗܠܝܢ ܕܩܝܡܝܢ ܠܘܩܒܠܗܘܢ ܕܝܢܐ ܢܣܒܘܢ
14 word entries
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܕܩܐܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܩܐܡ
- Transliteration
- dq'm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 26
ܗܟܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܟܝܠ
- Transliteration
- hkyl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 250
ܠܘܩܒܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܘܩܒܠ
- Transliteration
- lwqbl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 36
ܫܘܠܛܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܘܠܛܢܐ
- Transliteration
- shwltn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 49
ܠܘܩܒܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܘܩܒܠ
- Transliteration
- lwqbl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 36
ܦܘܩܕܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܘܩܕܢܐ
- Transliteration
- pwqdn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 49
ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- d'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 586
ܩܐܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܐܡ
- Transliteration
- q'm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 41
ܘܗܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܗܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- whlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 19
ܕܩܝܡܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܩܝܡܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dqymyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 28
ܠܘܩܒܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܘܩܒܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lwqblhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܕܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- dyn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 55
ܢܣܒܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܣܒܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nsbwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Itaque qui resistit potestati, Dei ordinationi resistit. Qui autem resistunt, ipsi sibi damnationem acquirunt:
14 word entries
itaque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- itaque
- Transliteration
- itaque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 371
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
resistit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- resisto
- Transliteration
- resistit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 89
potestati
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- potestas
- Transliteration
- potestati
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 201
Dei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Dei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
ordinationi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ordinatio
- Transliteration
- ordinationi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2
resistit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- resisto
- Transliteration
- resistit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 89
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
resistunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- resisto
- Transliteration
- resistunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 89
ipsi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipsi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
sibi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sui
- Transliteration
- sibi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1317
damnationem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- damnatio
- Transliteration
- damnationem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 10
adquirunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- acquiro
- Transliteration
- adquirunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 16
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
1 Peter 2:13
Be subject, then, to every human creation, because of the Lord, whether to a king, as the highest,
16 relevance votesTitus 3:1
Remind them to be subject to principalities and authorities, to obey rule, unto every good work to be ready,
12 relevance votesRomans 13:5
Wherefore it is necessary to be subject, not only because of the wrath, but also because of the conscience,
9 relevance votesJames 3:1
Many teachers become not, my brethren, having known that greater judgment we shall receive,
9 relevance votesLuke 20:47
who devour the houses of the widows, and for a pretence make long prayers, these shall receive more abundant judgment.'
8 relevance votesMark 12:40
who are devouring the widows' houses, and for a pretence are making long prayers; these shall receive more abundant judgment.'
8 relevance votesMatthew 23:13
'Woe to you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye shut up the reign of the heavens before men, for ye do not go in, nor those going in do ye suffer to enter.
7 relevance votesIsaiah 58:2
Seeing — Me day by day they seek, And the knowledge of My ways they desire, As a nation that righteousness hath done, And the judgment of its God hath not forsaken, They ask of me judgments of righteousness, The drawing near of God they desire:
5 relevance votes