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Young's Literal Translation

Proverbs 22

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 8

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⁸ Whoso is sowing perverseness reapeth sorrow, And the rod of his anger weareth out.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 22:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 54

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

זוֹרֵ֣עַ עַ֭וְלָה יקצור ־אָ֑וֶן וְשֵׁ֖בֶט עֶבְרָת֣וֹ יִכְלֶֽה׃

8 word entries

זוֹרֵ֣עַ

Lemma: 2232
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2232
Occurrences: 40

עַ֭וְלָה

Lemma: 5766 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5766
Occurrences: 26

יקצור

Lemma: 7114 b
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7114
Occurrences: 19

יִקְצָר

Lemma: 7114 b
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7114
Occurrences: 19

אָ֑וֶן

Lemma: 205
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H205
Occurrences: 71

וְשֵׁ֖בֶט

Lemma: c/7626
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7626
Occurrences: 6

עֶבְרָת֣וֹ

Lemma: 5678
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5678
Occurrences: 21

יִכְלֶֽה

Lemma: 3615
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3615
Occurrences: 110

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὁ σπείρων φαῦλα θερίσει κακὰ, πληγὴν δὲ ἔργων αὐτοῦ συντελέσει· ἄνδρα ἱλαρὸν καὶ δότην εὐλογεῖ ὁ Θεὸς, ματαιότητα δὲ ἔργων αὐτοῦ συντελέσει.

22 word entries

Ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

σπείρων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σπείρων
Transliteration: speiron
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

φαῦλα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: φαῦλα
Transliteration: phayla
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

θερίσει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: θερίσει
Transliteration: therisei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

κακὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κακός
Transliteration: kaka
Morphology: adjective/substantive, nominative/accusative neuter plural
Gloss: evil things, bad things
Part of Speech: adjective/substantive
Definition: Bad, evil, harmful, or wicked.
Occurrences: 242

πληγὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πληγὴν
Transliteration: plegen
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 34

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ἔργων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔργον
Transliteration: ergon
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: work, deed
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Work, deed, action, or task.
Occurrences: 527

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

συντελέσει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: συντελέσει
Transliteration: syntelesei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

ἄνδρα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: andra
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative singular
Gloss: man, husband
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

ἱλαρὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἱλαρὸν
Transliteration: ilaron
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

δότην

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: δότην
Transliteration: doten
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

εὐλογεῖ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: εὐλογεῖ
Transliteration: eylogei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Θεὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θεός
Transliteration: theos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: God, god
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity, or divine being.
Strong's: G2316
Occurrences: 3522

ματαιότητα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ματαιότητα
Transliteration: mataioteta
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ἔργων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔργον
Transliteration: ergon
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: work, deed
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Work, deed, action, or task.
Occurrences: 527

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

συντελέσει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: συντελέσει
Transliteration: syntelesei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܕܙܪܥ ܥܘ̣ܠܐ ܢܚܨܘܕ ܥܬܐ ܘܫܒܛܐ ܕܐܟܬܗ ܢܓܡܘܪ

7 word entries

ܕܙܪܥ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܙܪܥ
Transliteration: dzr'
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 3

ܥܘ̣ܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܘܠܐ
Transliteration: 'wl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 232

ܢܚܨܘܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܚܨܘܕ
Transliteration: nhswd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܥܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܬܐ
Transliteration: 't'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 5

ܘܫܒܛܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܫܒܛܐ
Transliteration: wshbt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 19

ܕܐܟܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܟܬܗ
Transliteration: d'kth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܢܓܡܘܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܓܡܘܪ
Transliteration: ngmwr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

דְזָרֵיעַ עַוְלָא נֶחְצַד עָאָתָא וְשִׁבְטָא דְחֶרְיָנֵיהּ נִגְמוֹר׃

7 word entries

דְזָרֵיעַ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זריע
Transliteration: dzry'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

עַוְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עולא
Transliteration: 'wl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 11

נֶחְצַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נחצד
Transliteration: nchtsd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

עָאָתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עאתא
Transliteration: ''t'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 9

וְשִׁבְטָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שבטא
Transliteration: wshbt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 340

דְחֶרְיָנֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חריניה
Transliteration: dchrynyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

נִגְמוֹר׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נגמור
Transliteration: ngmwr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Qui seminat iniquitatem metet mala, et virga iræ suæ consummabitur.

10 word entries

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

seminat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: semino
Transliteration: seminat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 76

iniquitatem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iniquitas
Transliteration: iniquitatem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 460

metet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meto
Transliteration: metet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 37

mala

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: malus
Transliteration: mala
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 671

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

virga

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uirga
Transliteration: virga
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 116

irae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ira
Transliteration: irae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 265

suae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

consummabitur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: consummo
Transliteration: consummabitur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 68

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Proverbs 22

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Ranked cross references

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