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Young's Literal Translation

Nahum 3

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 9

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⁹ Cush her might, and Egypt, and there is no end. Put and Lubim have been for thy help.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Nahum 3:9. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 60

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

כּ֥וּשׁ עָצְמָ֛ה וּמִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֵ֣ין קֵ֑צֶה פּ֣וּט וְלוּבִ֔ים הָי֖וּ בְּעֶזְרָתֵֽךְ׃

9 word entries

כּ֥וּשׁ

Lemma: 3568 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3568
Occurrences: 24

עָצְמָ֛ה

Lemma: 6109
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6109
Occurrences: 2

וּמִצְרַ֖יִם

Lemma: c/4714
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H4714
Occurrences: 10

וְאֵ֣ין

Lemma: c/369
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H369
Occurrences: 265

קֵ֑צֶה

Lemma: 7097 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7097
Occurrences: 5

פּ֣וּט

Lemma: 6316
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6316
Occurrences: 2

וְלוּבִ֔ים

Lemma: c/3864
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun gentilic masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3864
Occurrences: 2

הָי֖וּ

Lemma: 1961
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1660

בְּעֶזְרָתֵֽךְ

Lemma: b/5833
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5833
Occurrences: 2

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

καὶ Αἰθιοπία ἰσχὺς αὐτῆς, καὶ Αἴγυπτος· καὶ οὐκ ἔστη πέρας τῆς φυγῆς· καὶ Λίβυες ἐγένοντο βοηθοὶ αὐτῆς.

17 word entries

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Αἰθιοπία

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: αἰθιοπία
Transliteration: aithiopia
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἰσχὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἰσχύς
Transliteration: ischys
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: strength
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Strength, power, or might.
Occurrences: 254

αὐτῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Αἴγυπτος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: αἴγυπτος
Transliteration: aigyptos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ἔστη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἵστημι
Transliteration: este
Morphology: verb, aorist active/intransitive indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it stood
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To stand, set, establish, or appoint.
Occurrences: 225

πέρας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πέρας
Transliteration: peras
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 38

τῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

φυγῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: φυγῆς
Transliteration: phyges
Morphology: genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Λίβυες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Λίβυες
Transliteration: libyes
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Λίβυες
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

ἐγένοντο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γίνομαι
Transliteration: egenonto
Morphology: verb, aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they became, happened
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
Occurrences: 1418

βοηθοὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: βοηθοὶ
Transliteration: boethoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

αὐτῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܟܘܫ ܘܡܨܪܝܢ ܥܘܫܢܗ̇ ܘܠܝܬ ܠܗ̇ ܣܟ ܦܘܛܝܐ ܘܠܘܒ̈ܝܐ ܗܘܘ ܒܥܘܕܪܢܗ̇

10 word entries

ܟܘܫ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܘܫ
Transliteration: kwsh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 7

ܘܡܨܪܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܨܪܝܢ
Transliteration: wmsryn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܥܘܫܢܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܘܫܢܗ
Transliteration: 'wshnh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 17

ܘܠܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܝܬ
Transliteration: wlyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 221

ܠܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗ
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2252

ܣܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܟ
Transliteration: sk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܦܘܛܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܘܛܝܐ
Transliteration: pwty'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 1

ܘܠܘܒ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܘܒܝܐ
Transliteration: wlwby'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܗܘܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܘܘ
Transliteration: hww
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1064

ܒܥܘܕܪܢܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܥܘܕܪܢܗ
Transliteration: b'wdrnh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 3

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

כּוּשׁ סוּמְכָתָהָא וּמִצְרַיִם וְלֵית סוֹף פּוּטָאֵי וְלוּבָאֵי הֲווֹ בְּסַעֲדִיךְ׃

9 word entries

כּוּשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כוש
Transliteration: kwsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 16

סוּמְכָתָהָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סומכתהא
Transliteration: swmkth'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

וּמִצְרַיִם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מצרים
Transliteration: wmtsrym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 261

וְלֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לית
Transliteration: wlyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 629

סוֹף

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סוף
Transliteration: swp
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 100

פּוּטָאֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פוטאי
Transliteration: pwt'y
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 5

וְלוּבָאֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לובאי
Transliteration: wlwb'y
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

הֲווֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הוו
Transliteration: hww
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 399

בְּסַעֲדִיךְ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סעדיך
Transliteration: bs'dyk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Æthiopia fortitudo ejus, et Ægyptus, et non est finis; Africa et Libyes fuerunt in auxilio tuo.

15 word entries

Aethiopia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Aethiopia
Transliteration: Aethiopia
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 23

fortitudo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fortitudo
Transliteration: fortitudo
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 193

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Aegyptus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Aegyptus
Transliteration: Aegyptus
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 617

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

finis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: finis
Transliteration: finis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 331

Africa

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Africa
Transliteration: Africa
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 2

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Lybies

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Lybies
Transliteration: Lybies
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 6

fuerunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: fuerunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

auxilio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: auxilium
Transliteration: auxilio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 82

tuo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tuus
Transliteration: tuo
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5615

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Nahum 3

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Ranked cross references

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