20 and the shepherds turned back, glorifying and praising God, for all those things they heard and saw, as it was spoken unto them.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Luke 2:20. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
71
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Καὶ ἐπέστρεψαν οἱ ποιμένες, δοξάζοντες καὶ αἰνοῦντες τὸν Θεὸν ἐπὶ πᾶσιν οἷς ἤκουσαν καὶ εἶδον, καθὼς ἐλαλήθη πρὸς αὐτούς.
19 word entries
Καὶ
ἐπέστρεψαν
- Lemma
- epestreyan
- Transliteration
- epestreyan
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1994
- Occurrences
- 2
οἱ
ποιμένες
δοξάζοντες
- Lemma
- doxazontev
- Transliteration
- doxazontev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1392
- Occurrences
- 2
καὶ
αἰνοῦντες
τὸν
Θεὸν
ἐπὶ
πᾶσιν
οἷς
ἤκουσαν
καὶ
εἶδον
καθὼς
ἐλαλήθη
πρὸς
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
καὶ ὑπέστρεψαν οἱ ποιμένες, δοξάζοντες καὶ αἰνοῦντες τὸν θεὸν ἐπὶ πᾶσιν οἷς ἤκουσαν καὶ ἴδον καθὼς ἐλαλήθη πρὸς αὐτούς.
19 word entries
καὶ
οἱ
καὶ
τὸν
θεὸν
καὶ
πρὸς
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܗܦܟܘ ܪܥܘܬܐ ܗܢܘܢ ܟܕ ܡܫܒܚܝܢ ܘܡܗܠܠܝܢ ܠܐܠܗܐ ܥܠ ܟܠ ܕܚܙܘ ܘܫܡܥܘ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܐܬܡܠܠ ܥܡܗܘܢ
14 word entries
ܘܗܦܟܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܗܦܟܘ
- Transliteration
- whpkw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 9
ܪܥܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܥܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- r'wt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 6
ܗܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- hnwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 314
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܡܫܒܚܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܫܒܚܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mshbhyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 6
ܘܡܗܠܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܗܠܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wmhllyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- l'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 182
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܟܠ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܟܠ
- Transliteration
- kul
- Morphology
- quantifier/adjective
- Gloss
- all, every
- Occurrences
- 280
ܕܚܙܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܙܘ
- Transliteration
- dhzw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 14
ܘܫܡܥܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܡܥܘ
- Transliteration
- wshm'w
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 13
ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'ykn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 261
ܕܐܬܡܠܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܬܡܠܠ
- Transliteration
- d'tmll
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܥܡܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܡܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'mhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 100
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et reversi sunt pastores glorificantes et laudantes Deum in omnibus quæ audierant et viderant, sicut dictum est ad illos.
19 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
reversi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- reuertor
- Transliteration
- reversi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 578
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
pastores
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pastor
- Transliteration
- pastores
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 105
glorificantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- glorifico
- Transliteration
- glorificantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 78
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
laudantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- laudo
- Transliteration
- laudantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 167
Deum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Deum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
omnibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- omnis
- Transliteration
- omnibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5506
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
audierant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audierant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
viderant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uideo
- Transliteration
- viderant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1988
sicut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sicut
- Transliteration
- sicut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 1559
dictum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dictum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
illos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Psalms 106:48
Blessed [is] Jehovah, God of Israel, From the age even unto the age. And all the people said, 'Amen, praise Jah!'
6 relevance votesActs 11:18
And they, having heard these things, were silent, and were glorifying God, saying, 'Then, indeed, also to the nations did God give the reformation to life.'
5 relevance votesMatthew 9:8
and the multitudes having seen, wondered, and glorified God, who did give such power to men.
4 relevance votesIsaiah 29:19
And the humble have added joy in Jehovah, And the poor among men In the Holy One of Israel rejoice.
4 relevance votesPsalms 107:8
They confess to Jehovah His kindness, And His wonders to the sons of men.
3 relevance votesLuke 18:43
and presently he did receive sight, and was following him, glorifying God; and all the people, having seen, did give praise to God.
3 relevance votesPsalms 107:21
They confess to Jehovah His kindness, And His wonders to the sons of men,
3 relevance votesPsalms 107:15
They confess to Jehovah His kindness, And His wonders to the sons of men.
3 relevance votes
Chapter 2 · 2 of 24 available
Verse 20 of 52