Lamentations 5

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 17

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¹⁷ For this hath our heart been sick, For these have our eyes been dim.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Lamentations 5:17. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 63

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

עַל־זֶ֗ה הָיָ֤ה דָוֶה֙ לִבֵּ֔נוּ עַל־אֵ֖לֶּה חָשְׁכ֥וּ עֵינֵֽינוּ׃

9 word entries

עַל

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

זֶ֗ה

Lemma: 2088
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H2088
Occurrences: 315

הָיָ֤ה

Lemma: 1961
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1660

דָוֶה֙

Lemma: 1739
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H1739
Occurrences: 4

לִבֵּ֔נוּ

Lemma: 3820 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3820
Occurrences: 463

עַל

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

אֵ֖לֶּה

Lemma: 428
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H428
Occurrences: 320

חָשְׁכ֥וּ

Lemma: 2821
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2821
Occurrences: 13

עֵינֵֽינוּ

Lemma: 5869 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender dual construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5869
Occurrences: 350

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Περὶ τούτου ἐγενήθη ὀδύνη, ὀδυνηρὰ ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν, περὶ τούτου ἐσκότασαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἡμῶν.

14 word entries

Περὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: περί
Transliteration: peri
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: about, concerning, around
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition used with genitive or accusative.
Occurrences: 752

τούτου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

ἐγενήθη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γίνομαι
Transliteration: egenethe
Morphology: verb, aorist passive/deponent indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it became, happened
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
Occurrences: 1418

ὀδύνη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὀδύνη
Transliteration: odyne
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

ὀδυνηρὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ὀδυνηρὰ
Transliteration: odynera
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἡ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

καρδία

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καρδία
Transliteration: kardia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: heart
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Heart, inner life, mind, or will.
Occurrences: 867

ἡμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

περὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: περί
Transliteration: peri
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: about, concerning, around
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition used with genitive or accusative.
Occurrences: 752

τούτου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

ἐσκότασαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐσκότασαν
Transliteration: eskotasan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ὀφθαλμοὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὀφθαλμός
Transliteration: ophthalmoi
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative plural
Gloss: eyes
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Eye; by extension sight or perception.
Occurrences: 553

ἡμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ̣ ܗܐ ܕܘ̇ܐ ܠܒܢ. ܘܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ̣ ܗܐ ܚܫ̈ܘܟܢ ܥܝ̈ܢܝܢ

10 word entries

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܗܢܐ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܢܐ
Transliteration: hn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 876

ܗܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܐ
Transliteration: h'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 591

ܕܘ̇ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܘܐ
Transliteration: dw'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 3

ܠܒܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܢ
Transliteration: lbn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 10

ܘܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܛܠ
Transliteration: wmtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 58

ܗܢܐ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܢܐ
Transliteration: hn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 876

ܗܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܐ
Transliteration: h'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 591

ܚܫ̈ܘܟܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܫܘܟܢ
Transliteration: hshwkn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܥܝ̈ܢܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܝܢܝܢ
Transliteration: 'ynyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 12

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

עַל דֵין בֵּית מוּקְדְּשָׁא דְאִצְתְּדֵי הֲוָה חָלִישׁ לִבְבָנָא וְעַל אִלֵּין עַמָּא בֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל דְאָזְלוּ בְּגָלוּתָא מִתַּמָּן הֲווּ חֲשִׁיכַן עֵינָנָא׃

19 word entries

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

דֵין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דין
Transliteration: dyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 684

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

מוּקְדְּשָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: וקדשא
Transliteration: mwqdsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 24

דְאִצְתְּדֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אצתדי
Transliteration: d'tstdy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

הֲוָה

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוה
Transliteration: hwh
Morphology: verbal root הוה
Gloss: was, became, happened
Occurrences: 1114

חָלִישׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חליש
Transliteration: chlysh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

לִבְבָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בבנא
Transliteration: lbbn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 14

וְעַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ועל
Transliteration: w'l
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 516

אִלֵּין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אלין
Transliteration: 'lyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 298

עַמָּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm'
Morphology: noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: people
Occurrences: 1754

בֵית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

דְאָזְלוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אזלו
Transliteration: d'zlw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 118

בְּגָלוּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גלותא
Transliteration: bglwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 71

מִתַּמָּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תמן
Transliteration: mtmn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 618

הֲווּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הוו
Transliteration: hww
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 399

חֲשִׁיכַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חשיכן
Transliteration: chshykn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

עֵינָנָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עיננא
Transliteration: 'ynn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 10

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Propterea mœstum factum est cor nostrum; ideo contenebrati sunt oculi nostri,

11 word entries

propterea

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: propterea
Transliteration: propterea
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 165

maestum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: maestus
Transliteration: maestum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 4

factum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facio
Transliteration: factum
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4719

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

cor

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cor
Transliteration: cor
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1028

nostrum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: nostrum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

ideo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ideo
Transliteration: ideo
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 137

contenebrati

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: contenebro
Transliteration: contenebrati
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4

sunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

oculi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: oculus
Transliteration: oculi
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 682

nostri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: nostri
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Isaiah 1:5

Wherefore are ye stricken any more? Ye do add apostasy! Every head is become diseased, and every heart [is] sick.

5 relevance votes

Psalms 6:7

Old from provocation is mine eye, It is old because of all mine adversaries,

5 relevance votes

Lamentations 2:11

Consumed by tears have been my eyes, Troubled have been my bowels, Poured out to the earth hath been my liver, For the breach of the daughter of my people; In infant and suckling being feeble, In the broad places of the city,

4 relevance votes

Job 17:7

And dim from sorrow is mine eye, And my members as a shadow all of them.

4 relevance votes

Isaiah 38:14

As a crane — a swallow — so I chatter, I mourn as a dove, Drawn up have been mine eyes on high, O Jehovah, oppression [is] on me, be my surety.

3 relevance votes

Jeremiah 46:5

Wherefore have I seen them dismayed — They are turned backward, And their mighty ones are beaten down, And [to] a refuge they have fled, and not turned the face? Fear [is] round about — an affirmation of Jehovah.

2 relevance votes

Micah 6:13

And I also, I have begun to smite thee, To make desolate, because of thy sins.

2 relevance votes

Leviticus 26:36

'And those who are left of you — I have also brought a faintness into their heart in the lands of their enemies, and the sound of a leaf driven away hath pursued them, and they have fled — flight from a sword — and they have fallen, and there is none pursuing.

2 relevance votes

Lamentations 1:13

From above He hath sent fire into my bone, And it subdueth it, He hath spread a net for my feet, He hath turned me backward, He hath made me desolate — all the day sick.

2 relevance votes

Ezekiel 21:7

and it hath come to pass, when they say unto thee, For what art thou sighing? that thou hast said: Because of the report, for it is coming, And melted hath every heart, And feeble hath been all hands, And weak is every spirit, And all knees go — waters, Lo, it is coming, yea, it hath been, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah.'

2 relevance votes

Psalms 31:9

Favour me, O Jehovah, for distress [is] to me, Mine eye, my soul, and my body Have become old by provocation.

2 relevance votes

Jeremiah 8:18

My refreshing for me [is] sorrow, For me my heart [is] sick.

2 relevance votes

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