Joshua 7

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 2

Show original chapter

² And Joshua sendeth men from Jericho to Ai, which [is] near Beth-Aven, on the east of Bethel, and speaketh unto them, saying, 'Go up and spy the land;' and the men go up and spy Ai,

View Study Below

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Joshua 7:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 114

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֲנָשִׁ֜ים מִֽירִיח֗וֹ הָעַ֞י אֲשֶׁ֨ר עִם־בֵּ֥ית אָ֙וֶן֙ מִקֶּ֣דֶם לְבֵֽית־אֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲל֖וּ וְרַגְּל֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַֽיְרַגְּל֖וּ אֶת־הָעָֽי׃

24 word entries

וַיִּשְׁלַח֩

Lemma: c/7971
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7971
Occurrences: 387

יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ

Lemma: 3091
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3091
Occurrences: 196

אֲנָשִׁ֜ים

Lemma: 376
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H376
Occurrences: 1458

מִֽירִיח֗וֹ

Lemma: m/3405
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3405
Occurrences: 2

הָעַ֞י

Lemma: d/5857
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun proper
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H5857
Occurrences: 27

אֲשֶׁ֨ר

Lemma: 834 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 4808

עִם

Lemma: 5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 900

בֵּ֥ית

Lemma: 1007+
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1007
Occurrences: 7

אָ֨וֶן֙

Lemma: 1007
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1007
Occurrences: 7

מִקֶּ֣דֶם

Lemma: m/6924 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6924
Occurrences: 23

לְבֵֽית

Lemma: l/1008+
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1008
Occurrences: 5

אֵ֔ל

Lemma: 1008
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1008
Occurrences: 72

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר

Lemma: c/559
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 3026

אֲלֵיהֶם֙

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

לֵאמֹ֔ר

Lemma: l/559
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 936

עֲל֖וּ

Lemma: 5927
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperative 2rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5927
Occurrences: 451

וְרַגְּל֣וּ

Lemma: c/7270
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb piel imperative 2rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7270
Occurrences: 4

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

הָאָ֑רֶץ

Lemma: d/776
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H776
Occurrences: 981

וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙

Lemma: c/5927
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5927
Occurrences: 322

הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים

Lemma: d/376
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H376
Occurrences: 288

וַֽיְרַגְּל֖וּ

Lemma: c/7270
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb piel sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7270
Occurrences: 4

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

הָעָֽי

Lemma: d/5857
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun proper
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H5857
Occurrences: 27

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ἰησοῦς ἄνδρας εἰς Γαὶ, ἥ ἐστι κατὰ Βαιθὴλ, λέγων, κατασκέψασθε τὴν Γαί

14 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀπέστειλεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀποστέλλω
Transliteration: apesteilen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it sent
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To send, send away, or commission.
Occurrences: 328

Ἰησοῦς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰησοῦς
Transliteration: Iesous
Morphology: proper noun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: Joshua/Jesus
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Joshua/Jesus, biblical personal name.
Occurrences: 206

ἄνδρας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: andras
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative plural
Gloss: men
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

Γαὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: γαὶ
Transliteration: gai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 20

ἥ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐστι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: esti
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it is
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

κατὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κατά
Transliteration: kata
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: according to, against, down
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of κατά.
Occurrences: 1973

Βαιθὴλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Βαιθήλ
Transliteration: Baithel
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Bethel
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Bethel, place name.
Occurrences: 65

λέγων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέγω
Transliteration: legon
Morphology: participle, present active masculine nominative singular
Gloss: saying
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: To say or speak.
Occurrences: 5490

κατασκέψασθε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κατασκέψασθε
Transliteration: kataskepsasthe
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Γαί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Γαί
Transliteration: gai
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Γαί
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܫܕܪ ܝܫܘܥ ܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܐܝܪܝܚܘ ܠܥܝ ܕܥܠ ܓܢܒ ܒܝܬ ܐܘܢ ܡܢ ܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܝܠ ܘܐܡܪ ܠܗܘܢ ܣܩܘ ܓܘܫܘ ܐܪܥܐ ܘܣܠܩܘ ܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܘܓܫܘܗ̇ ܠܥܝ

23 word entries

ܘܫܕܪ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WCDR
Morphology: W-CDR[:d
Occurrences: 0

ܝܫܘܥ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: JCW<
Morphology: JCW</
Occurrences: 0

ܓܒܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: GBR">
Morphology: GBR/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܡܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MN
Morphology: MN
Occurrences: 0

ܐܝܪܝܚܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >JRJXW
Morphology: >JRJXW/
Occurrences: 0

ܠܥܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L<J
Morphology: L-<J=/
Occurrences: 0

ܕܥܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D<L
Morphology: D-<L
Occurrences: 0

ܓܢܒ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: GNB
Morphology: GNB/
Occurrences: 0

ܒܝܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: BJT
Morphology: BJT/
Occurrences: 0

ܐܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >WN
Morphology: >WN=/
Occurrences: 0

ܡܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MN
Morphology: MN
Occurrences: 0

ܡܕܢܚܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MDNX>
Morphology: MDNX/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܒܝܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DBJT
Morphology: D-BJT/
Occurrences: 0

ܐܝܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >JL
Morphology: >JL/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܡܪ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>MR
Morphology: W->MR[
Occurrences: 0

ܠܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LHWN
Morphology: L-HWN
Occurrences: 0

ܣܩܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: SQW
Morphology: !!S(LQ[W
Occurrences: 0

ܓܘܫܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: GWCW
Morphology: !!G&WC(C[W
Occurrences: 0

ܐܪܥܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >R<>
Morphology: >R</~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܣܠܩܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WSLQW
Morphology: W-SLQ[W
Occurrences: 0

ܓܒܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: GBR">
Morphology: GBR/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܓܫܘܗ̇

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WGCWH^
Morphology: W-GC(C[W-H=
Occurrences: 0

ܠܥܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L<J
Morphology: L-<J=/
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּשְׁלַח יְהוֹשֻׁעַ גֻבְרִין מִירִיחוֹ לְעַי דְעִם בֵּית אָוֶן מִמַדְנַח לְבֵית אֵל וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן לְמֵימַר סַקוּ וְאַלִילוּ יַת אַרְעָא וּסְלִיקוּ גַבְרַיָא וְאַלִילוּ יַת עָי׃

23 word entries

וּשְׁלַח

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שלח
Transliteration: wshlch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 239

יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהושע
Transliteration: yhwsh'
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Joshua
Occurrences: 200

גֻבְרִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גברין
Transliteration: gbryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 129

מִירִיחוֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יריחו
Transliteration: myrychw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 45

לְעַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לעי
Transliteration: l'y
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 15

דְעִם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דעם
Transliteration: d'm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 98

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

אָוֶן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: און
Transliteration: 'wn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

מִמַדְנַח

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מדנח
Transliteration: mmdnch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 13

לְבֵית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: lbyt
Morphology: prefixed preposition ל + noun construct/absolute
Gloss: to/for house, household
Occurrences: 2611

אֵל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אל
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 80

וַאֲמַר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: w'mr
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root אמר, speech/action form
Gloss: and said, spoke
Occurrences: 3728

לְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הון
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1262

לְמֵימַר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: lmymr
Morphology: prefixed preposition ל + speech root/form
Gloss: to/for to say, saying
Occurrences: 3728

סַקוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סקו
Transliteration: sqw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 19

וְאַלִילוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אלילו
Transliteration: w'lylw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

יַת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

אַרְעָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ארע
Transliteration: 'r''
Morphology: noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss: earth, land
Occurrences: 1735

וּסְלִיקוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סליקו
Transliteration: wslyqw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 59

גַבְרַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבריא
Transliteration: gbry'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 191

וְאַלִילוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אלילו
Transliteration: w'lylw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

יַת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

עָי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עי
Transliteration: 'y
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 18

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Cumque mitteret Josue de Jericho viros contra Hai, quæ est juxta Bethaven, ad orientalem plagam oppidi Bethel, dixit eis: Ascendite, et explorate terram. Qui præcepta complentes exploraverunt Hai.

30 word entries

cumque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cumque
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 5272

{cumque}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: que
Transliteration: {cumque}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4392

mitteret

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mitto
Transliteration: mitteret
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1165

Iosue

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ius
Transliteration: Iosue
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 60

{Iosue}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ue
Transliteration: {Iosue}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 78

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: de
Transliteration: de
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 4779

Hiericho

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iericho
Transliteration: Hiericho
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 63

viros

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uir
Transliteration: viros
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1641

contra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: contra
Transliteration: contra
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 895

Ahi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ahus
Transliteration: Ahi
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 18

quae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

iuxta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iuxta
Transliteration: iuxta
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 593

Bethaven

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Bethauem
Transliteration: Bethaven
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 8

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

orientalem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: orientalis
Transliteration: orientalem
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 81

plagam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: plaga
Transliteration: plagam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 264

oppidi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: oppidum
Transliteration: oppidi
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 46

Bethel

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Bethel
Transliteration: Bethel
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 65

dixit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dixit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

eis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

ascendite

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ascendo
Transliteration: ascendite
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 671

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

explorate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: exploro
Transliteration: explorate
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 13

terram

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: terra
Transliteration: terram
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: earth
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: earth, land, ground
Etymology: Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
Occurrences: 3087

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

praecepta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: praeceptum
Transliteration: praecepta
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 201

conplentes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: compleo
Transliteration: conplentes
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 130

exploraverunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: exploro
Transliteration: exploraverunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 13

Ahi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ahus
Transliteration: Ahi
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 18

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Previous Chapter Previous Verse

Chapter 7 · 7 of 24 available Verse 2 of 26

Next Chapter Next Verse

Joshua 7

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Joshua 18:12

1 Samuel 13:5

1 Samuel 14:23

Hosea 4:15

Proverbs 24:6

Proverbs 20:18

Matthew 10:16

Genesis 12:8

Ephesians 5:15

Nehemiah 11:31

Genesis 28:19

Joshua 2:1