Joel
Chapter 2
1 2 3
Verse 30
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Young's Literal Translation

Joel 2

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 30

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30 And I have given wonders in the heavens, and in the earth, Blood and fire, and columns of smoke.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Joel 2:30. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 9
Word Entries 53
Editorial Notes 4
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

Shown from source reference 3:3 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ מֽוֹפְתִ֔ים בַּשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּבָאָ֑רֶץ דָּ֣ם וָאֵ֔שׁ וְתִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָֽׁן׃

8 word entries
וְנָֽתַתִּי֙
Lemma
c/5414
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential perfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H5414
Occurrences
746
מֽוֹפְתִ֔ים
Lemma
4159
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H4159
Occurrences
11
בַּשָּׁמַ֖יִם
Lemma
b/8064
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H8064
Occurrences
41
וּבָאָ֑רֶץ
Lemma
c/b/776
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H776
Occurrences
13
דָּ֣ם
Lemma
1818
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1818
Occurrences
169
וָאֵ֔שׁ
Lemma
c/784
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H784
Occurrences
18
וְתִֽימֲר֖וֹת
Lemma
c/8490
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine plural construct
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H8490
Occurrences
1
עָשָֽׁן
Lemma
6227
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H6227
Occurrences
16
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Shown from source reference 3:3 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

Καὶ δώσω τέρατα ἐν οὐρανῷ, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς αἷμα καὶ πῦρ καὶ ἀτμίδα καπνοῦ.

15 word entries
Καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
δώσω
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
doso
Morphology
verb, future active indicative, 1st singular
Gloss
I will give
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To give.
Occurrences
1384
τέρατα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
terata
Morphology
nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
30
ἐν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐν
Transliteration
en
Morphology
preposition with dative
Gloss
in, among, with
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's
G1722
Occurrences
13086
οὐρανῷ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
ourano
Morphology
noun, masculine dative singular
Gloss
heaven, sky
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Heaven, sky, or heavenly realm.
Strong's
G3772
Occurrences
474
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἐπὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐπί
Transliteration
epi
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences
6685
τῆς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
γῆς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
γῆ
Transliteration
ges
Morphology
noun, feminine genitive singular
Gloss
of earth, of land
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Earth, ground, or land.
Strong's
G1093
Occurrences
2962
αἷμα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
haima
Morphology
noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss
blood
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Blood.
Occurrences
282
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
πῦρ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
πῦρ
Transliteration
pyr
Morphology
noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss
fire
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Fire.
Occurrences
446
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἀτμίδα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
atmida
Morphology
nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
καπνοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
kapnoy
Morphology
genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss
of ...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
8
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

Shown from source reference 3:3 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

ܘܐܥܒܕ ܬܕܡܪ̈ܬܐ ܒܫܡܝܐ ܘܒܐܪܥܐ ܕܡܐ ܘܢܘܪܐ ܘܥܛܪܐ ܕܬܢܢܐ

8 word entries
ܘܐܥܒܕ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
w''bd
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
22
ܬܕܡܪ̈ܬܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
tdmrt'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
21
ܒܫܡܝܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
bshmy'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
36
ܘܒܐܪܥܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wb'r''
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
13
ܕܡܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܕܡܐ
Transliteration
dm'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
87
ܘܢܘܪܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wnwr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
19
ܘܥܛܪܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
w'tr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
3
ܕܬܢܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dtnn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
4
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

Shown from source reference 3:3 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

וְאֶתֵּן אָתִין בִּשְׁמַיָא וּבְאַרְעָא דְמָא וְאֶשָׁא וִיטוּרִין דִתְנָן׃

8 word entries
וְאֶתֵּן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
אתן
Transliteration
w'tn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
235
אָתִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'tyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
38
בִּשְׁמַיָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Transliteration
bshmy'
Morphology
prefixed preposition ב + noun masculine plural emphatic
Gloss
in/with heavens, sky
Occurrences
368
וּבְאַרְעָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wb'r''
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
8
דְמָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
דמא
Transliteration
dm'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
43
וְאֶשָׁא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
אשא
Transliteration
w'sh'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
38
וִיטוּרִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wytwryn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
1
דִתְנָן׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
תנן
Transliteration
dtnn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
26
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et dabo prodigia in cælo et in terra, sanguinem, et ignem, et vaporem fumi.

14 word entries
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
dabo
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
do
Transliteration
dabo
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
2116
prodigia
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
prodigia
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
24
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
caelo
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
caelum
Transliteration
caelo
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Gloss
heaven
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
heaven, sky
Etymology
Latin noun for heaven or sky; often normalized as caelum.
Occurrences
740
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
terra
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
terra
Transliteration
terra
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Gloss
earth
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
earth, land, ground
Etymology
Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
Occurrences
3087
sanguinem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sanguis
Transliteration
sanguinem
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
475
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
ignem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ignis
Transliteration
ignem
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
540
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
vaporem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uapor
Transliteration
vaporem
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
9
fumi
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
fumus
Transliteration
fumi
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
42
Spirit Nation Hebrew/Aramaic Alignment Note English · Hebrew / Biblical Aramaic Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The imported Hebrew/Biblical Aramaic package does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Spirit Nation Syriac Peshitta OT Alignment Note English · Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Syriac/Peshitta source does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Spirit Nation Targum Alignment Note English · Targum Aramaic Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The imported Targum tradition does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Luke 21:11

great shakings also in every place, and famines, and pestilences, there shall be; fearful things also, and great signs from heaven there shall be;

10 relevance votes

Matthew 24:29

'And immediately after the tribulation of those days, the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from the heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken;

8 relevance votes

Judges 20:40

and the volume hath begun to go up from the city — a pillar of smoke — and Benjamin turneth behind, and lo, gone up hath the perfection of the city toward the heavens.

4 relevance votes

Genesis 19:28

and he looketh on the face of Sodom and Gomorrah, and on all the face of the land of the circuit, and seeth, and lo, the smoke of the land went up as smoke of the furnace.

2 relevance votes

Revelation 18:9

and weep over her, and smite themselves for her, shall the kings of the earth, who with her did commit whoredom and did revel, when they may see the smoke of her burning,

2 relevance votes

Revelation 18:18

and were crying, seeing the smoke of her burning, saying, What [city is] like to the great city?

1 relevance votes

Judges 20:38

And there was the appointed sign to the men of Israel with the ambush — their causing to go up a great volume of smoke from the city.

1 relevance votes

Song of Solomon 3:6

Who [is] this coming up from the wilderness, Like palm-trees of smoke, Perfumed [with] myrrh and frankincense, From every powder of the merchant?

1 relevance votes

Joshua 8:20

And the men of Ai look behind them, and see, and lo, the smoke of the city hath gone up unto the heavens, and there hath not been in them power to flee hither and thither — and the people who are fleeing to the wilderness have turned against the pursuer, —

1 relevance votes
Chapter 2 of 3 Verse 30 of 32