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Young's Literal Translation

Isaiah 49

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 16

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¹⁶ Lo, on the palms of the hand I have graven thee, Thy walls [are] before Me continually.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 49:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 51

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

הֵ֥ן עַל־כַּפַּ֖יִם חַקֹּתִ֑יךְ חוֹמֹתַ֥יִךְ נֶגְדִּ֖י תָּמִֽיד׃

7 word entries

הֵ֥ן

Lemma: 2005
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H2005
Occurrences: 301

עַל

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

כַּפַּ֖יִם

Lemma: 3709
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine dual absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3709
Occurrences: 120

חַקֹּתִ֑יךְ

Lemma: 2710
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 1rd person common gender singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2710
Occurrences: 11

חוֹמֹתַ֥יִךְ

Lemma: 2346
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2346
Occurrences: 61

נֶגְדִּ֖י

Lemma: 5048
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5048
Occurrences: 82

תָּמִֽיד

Lemma: 8548
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8548
Occurrences: 78

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἰδοὺ ἐπὶ τῶν χειρῶν μου ἐζωγράφηκά σου τὰ τείχη, καὶ ἐνώπιόν μου εἶ διαπαντὸς,

14 word entries

Ἰδοὺ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἰδού
Transliteration: idou
Morphology: interjection/particle
Gloss: behold, look
Part of Speech: particle/interjection
Definition: Attention marker or interjection.
Occurrences: 1077

ἐπὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: epi
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

χειρῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: χείρ
Transliteration: cheir
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: hand
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Hand or power.
Occurrences: 1718

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

ἐζωγράφηκά

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐζωγράφηκά
Transliteration: ezographeka
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

σου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

τὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

τείχη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τεῖχος
Transliteration: teichos
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: wall
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Wall, especially a city wall.
Occurrences: 111

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐνώπιόν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐνώπιον
Transliteration: enopion
Morphology: preposition/adverb
Gloss: before, in the presence of
Part of Speech: preposition/adverb
Definition: Before or in the presence of.
Occurrences: 516

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

εἶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: ei
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 2nd singular
Gloss: you are
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

διαπαντὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: διὰ παντός
Transliteration: dia pantos
Morphology: prepositional phrase used adverbially
Gloss: continually, always
Part of Speech: adverbial phrase
Definition: Adverbial phrase meaning continually or throughout all.
Occurrences: 111

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܗܐ ܥܠ ܦܣ̈ܐ ܕܐ̈ܝܕܝ ܪܫܡ̇ܬܟܝ ܘܫܘܪ̈ܝܟܝ ܠܘܩܒܠܝ ܐܢܘܢ ܐܡܝܢܐܝܬ

9 word entries

ܗܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܐ
Transliteration: h'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 591

ܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠ
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3346

ܦܣ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܣܐ
Transliteration: ps'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 4

ܕܐ̈ܝܕܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܝܕܝ
Transliteration: d'ydy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 8

ܪܫܡ̇ܬܟܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܫܡܬܟܝ
Transliteration: rshmtky
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܘܫܘܪ̈ܝܟܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܫܘܪܝܟܝ
Transliteration: wshwryky
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܠܘܩܒܠܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܘܩܒܠܝ
Transliteration: lwqbly
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 13

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܘܢ
Transliteration: 'nwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1636

ܐܡܝܢܐܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܡܝܢܐܝܬ
Transliteration: 'myn'yt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 43

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

הָא כִּדְעַל יְדִין אַתְּ צַיְרָא קֳדָמָי שׁוּרָךְ לְקִבְלִי תְּדִירָא׃

9 word entries

הָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הא
Transliteration: h'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 704

כִּדְעַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דעל
Transliteration: kd'l
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 47

יְדִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידין
Transliteration: ydyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 34

אַתְּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: את
Transliteration: 't
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 423

צַיְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צירא
Transliteration: tsyr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 17

קֳדָמָי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדמי
Transliteration: qdmy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 443

שׁוּרָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שורך
Transliteration: shwrk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 8

לְקִבְלִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קבלי
Transliteration: lqbly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 17

תְּדִירָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תדירא
Transliteration: tdyr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 69

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Ecce in manibus meis descripsi te; muri tui coram oculis meis semper.

12 word entries

ecce

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ecce
Transliteration: ecce
Morphology: GreLa POS: other
Occurrences: 1031

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

manibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: manus
Transliteration: manibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1822

meis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: meis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

descripsi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: describo
Transliteration: descripsi
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 22

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tu
Transliteration: te
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4602

muri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: murus
Transliteration: muri
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 213

tui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tuus
Transliteration: tui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5615

coram

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: coram
Transliteration: coram
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 710

oculis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: oculus
Transliteration: oculis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 682

meis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: meis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

semper

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: semper
Transliteration: semper
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 180

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Isaiah 49

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Ranked cross references

Haggai 2:23

Isaiah 60:18

Isaiah 62:6

Song of Solomon 8:6

Exodus 13:9

Isaiah 26:1

Isaiah 54:12

Jeremiah 22:24