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Young's Literal Translation

Isaiah 41

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 8

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⁸ — And thou, O Israel, My servant, Jacob, whom I have chosen, Seed of Abraham, My lover,

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 41:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 51

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְאַתָּה֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עַבְדִּ֔י יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּחַרְתִּ֑יךָ זֶ֖רַע אַבְרָהָ֥ם אֹהֲבִֽי׃

9 word entries

וְאַתָּה֙

Lemma: c/859 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + pronoun
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H859
Occurrences: 195

יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל

Lemma: 3478
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3478
Occurrences: 2260

עַבְדִּ֔י

Lemma: 5650
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5650
Occurrences: 605

יַעֲקֹ֖ב

Lemma: 3290
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3290
Occurrences: 274

אֲשֶׁ֣ר

Lemma: 834 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 4808

בְּחַרְתִּ֑יךָ

Lemma: 977
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 1rd person common gender singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H977
Occurrences: 138

זֶ֖רַע

Lemma: 2233
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2233
Occurrences: 135

אַבְרָהָ֥ם

Lemma: 85
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H85
Occurrences: 139

אֹהֲבִֽי

Lemma: 157
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H157
Occurrences: 143

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Σὺ δὲ, Ἰσραὴλ παῖς μου Ἰακὼβ, καὶ ὃν ἐξελεξάμην, σπέρμα Ἁβραὰμ, ὃν ἠγάπησα·

13 word entries

Σὺ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

Ἰσραὴλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰσραήλ
Transliteration: Israel
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Israel
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
Occurrences: 2695

παῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: παῖς
Transliteration: pais
Morphology: noun, masculine/feminine nominative singular
Gloss: child, servant
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Child, servant, attendant, or young person.
Occurrences: 276

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

Ἰακὼβ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰακώβ
Transliteration: Iakob
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Jacob
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Jacob.
Occurrences: 392

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ὃν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅς
Transliteration: hon
Morphology: relative pronoun, accusative masculine singular
Gloss: whom, which
Part of Speech: relative pronoun
Definition: Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences: 4123

ἐξελεξάμην

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξελεξάμην
Transliteration: exelexamen
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 29

σπέρμα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σπέρμα
Transliteration: sperma
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: seed, offspring
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Seed, offspring, descendant, or sowing.
Occurrences: 200

Ἁβραὰμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἀβραάμ
Transliteration: Abraam
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Abraham
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Abraham.
Occurrences: 153

ὃν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅς
Transliteration: hon
Morphology: relative pronoun, accusative masculine singular
Gloss: whom, which
Part of Speech: relative pronoun
Definition: Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences: 4123

ἠγάπησα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἠγάπησα
Transliteration: egapesa
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܗܫܐ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܥܒܕܝ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܕܓܒܝ̇ܬܟ ܙܪܥܗ ܕܐܒܪܗܡ ܪܚܡܝ

8 word entries

ܗܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܫܐ
Transliteration: hsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 201

ܐܝܣܪܝܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܣܪܝܠ
Transliteration: 'ysryl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 809

ܥܒܕܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܒܕܝ
Transliteration: 'bdy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 120

ܝܥܩܘܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܥܩܘܒ
Transliteration: y'qwb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 63

ܕܓܒܝ̇ܬܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܓܒܝܬܟ
Transliteration: dgbytk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܙܪܥܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܙܪܥܗ
Transliteration: zr'h
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 29

ܕܐܒܪܗܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܒܪܗܡ
Transliteration: d'brhm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 14

ܪܚܡܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܚܡܝ
Transliteration: rhmy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 14

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְאַתְּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עַבְדִי יַעֲקֹב דְאִתְרְעֵיתִי בָּךְ זַרְעֵהּ דְאַבְרָהָם רְחִימִי׃

9 word entries

וְאַתְּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ואת
Transliteration: w't
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 154

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

עַבְדִי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עבד
Transliteration: 'bdy
Morphology: verbal or nominal root עבד
Gloss: made, did, served
Occurrences: 1208

יַעֲקֹב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יעקב
Transliteration: y'qb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 169

דְאִתְרְעֵיתִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתרעיתי
Transliteration: d'tr'yty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 27

בָּךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בך
Transliteration: bk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 56

זַרְעֵהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זרעה
Transliteration: zr'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

דְאַבְרָהָם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אברהם
Transliteration: d'brhm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 77

רְחִימִי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רחימי
Transliteration: rchymy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 11

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

[Et tu, Israël, serve meus, Jacob quem elegi, semen Abraham amici mei:

12 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tu
Transliteration: tu
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4602

Israhel

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Israel
Transliteration: Israhel
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 2547

serve

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: seruus
Transliteration: serve
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 846

meus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: meus
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

Iacob

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iacob
Transliteration: Iacob
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 364

quem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quem
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

elegi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: eligo
Transliteration: elegi
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 325

semen

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: semen
Transliteration: semen
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 287

Abraham

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Abraham
Transliteration: Abraham
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 214

amici

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: amicus
Transliteration: amici
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 220

mei

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: mei
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Isaiah 41

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

James 2:23

2 Chronicles 20:7

Deuteronomy 14:2

Isaiah 51:2

Isaiah 44:21

Isaiah 29:22

Psalms 33:12

Isaiah 43:1

Psalms 135:4

Isaiah 48:12

Jeremiah 33:24

Matthew 3:9